Managing the Employment Relationship Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Dealing with the Employment Relationship - Essay Example Be that as it may, paying little heed to the size of the association, it is prudent for managers to have successful frameworks for giving data and conferences representatives on an occasional premise (ACAS, 2005). This is especially basic for little organizations that are developing at a quick rate and need to have frameworks set up for representative commitment similar to the case with the organization viable. One type of worker portrayal is worker's guilds. Worker's organizations are relationship of representatives. Worker's guild is â€Å"an association of laborers that expects to secure and propel the interests of its members† (BIS, 2009). Their goal is to support and improve the terms and states of work for their individuals. This is done through aggregate haggling with bosses. Acknowledgment of the worker's guild by the organization is significant for aggregate haggling. Aggregate dealing happens when the worker's guild haggles with the business for the benefit of the representatives on issues in regards to pay and different terms and states of work. Worker's organizations are of four kinds: organization association, general/mechanical association, create association and salaried association (Cole, 2003). Organization association speak to the representatives in a solitary organization. General or Industrial association speaks to representatives from a few organizations having a place with a similar industry. Art association speaks to gifted specialists in a particular field. Cushy association speak to desk representatives e.g., instructors and educators. Worker's guilds are set up to secure and advance the interests of representatives. The presence of a worker's guild diminishes the potential outcomes of mechanical clash (Dillon, 2009). Worker's organizations assume a crucial job in viable correspondence among the executives and representatives. They offer the help framework to guarantee that the distinctions of conclusion don't transform into significant clashes. Worker's guilds play an

Analysis of the attractiveness of the UK venture capital industry Essay

Examination of the engaging quality of the UK funding industry - Essay Example Private Equity and Venture Capital Report on Investment Activity 2008’ in its study has established that worldwide the speculation has seen a consistent pace of development with a couple of undulations over the most recent three decades (Coups, 2009). There was a consistent spray in venture from year 2003 onwards until it topped at 31,634 Â £m in 2007. In 2008 it fell by 11,609 Â £m most likely because of the impacts of overall downturn yet kept up a solid figure (Fig.1). In the UK, the speculation figure was 10,227 Â £m in 2006, rose to 11, 972 Â £m in 2007 however fell forcefully to 8556 Â £m in 2008 (Coups, 2009). All advantage classes have now endured because of the effect of overall downturn and Private Equity is no special case. Anyway such supports which were raised during past such downtrends in the years 1991-94 and 2001-03 produced exceptional outcomes for the financial specialists (BVCA, 2009). Over long haul, UK private value has beated other resource classes in a far reaching way. The yearly IRR in 2008 for all assets was - 9.8% which contrasts well and open value showcase execution (BVCA, 2009). Actually over a range of the most recent ten years private value returns per annum were around multiple times higher than that of the FTSE All-Share Index and multiple times more than the benefits normal (BVCA, 2009). At the point when thought about locale astute, interest in the years 2007 and 2008 has been consistent enough all through the United Kingdom, yet there was a significant fall in the budgetary capital of the nation, London where it tumbled from 5730 Â £m in 2007 to 3590 Â £m. Practically comparative decrease was seen in the South East, East Midlands and the North West. In the East of England, Yorks and Humb and West Midlands venture figures didn't change much in these two years. Shockingly, speculation rose amazingly to 1052 Â £m in 2008 from 393 Â £m in 2007 in Scotland (Coups, 2009). The significant venture was in UK Technology Companies where 596 Â £m was put resources into 2008 when contrasted with 835 Â £m in 2007. Especially

Ebonics :: essays research papers fc

EBONICS Ebonics, otherwise called Black English, is a nonstandard lingo spoken in numerous homes in the downtowns of America. This nonstandard language is regularly viewed as low-class or sluggish talk. This isn't the situation, be that as it may. Because of textures found in the vernacular, there is by all accounts a request. It has been discovered that, when learning English, African-Americans adjusted the language utilizing a portion of the structure and rules of their own local tongue. This Black English has carried on through bondage and afterward opportunity for a long time. Despite the fact that there is a concurrence of multiple vernaculars in our general public, people with significant influence overlook the adaptability of our language and see no other path than the utilization of Standard English. Albeit numerous Americans will in general hatred any thoughtless variety of the Standard English, adaptability of the language is, maybe, a fundamental purpose behind its endurance. In 1905, a Danish researcher and incredible expert on English, Otto Jespersen, composed: English resembles an English park, which is spread out apparently with no unmistakable arrangement, and which you are permitted to walk wherever agreeing to your own extravagant without having a dread a harsh guardian authorizing thorough guidelines. (MacNeil 141) This opportunity has made the English we talk today. Albeit a little outdated, Oxford changes the guidelines regarding what is right English because of what is being spoken. In English Belongs to Everybody, Robert MacNeil, feels that English has flourished and developed in light of the fact that it had the option to acknowledge and retain change (140). So change in the English language causes it develop, yet the lingo of the downtown blacks in our nation is viewed as an issue. To those in control, there is no more space for development. It is clear that there are numerous kinds of vernacular inside American English. The coinciding of at least two dialects, either serving together in a similar zone or overhauling various territories, is as old as language itself (Pei 106). This has occurred all through time and has all the earmarks of being unavoidable. It is difficult to accept a whole nation could fit in with one language, and afterward just a single lingo of that language. Since the beginning social orders have made due for quite a while utilizing various dialects until these language obstructions destroyed domains. It is evident how, in America, obstructions between lingos separate dark men from white men significantly more than states of being.

Waterproof Sunscreen Lotions

Chapter by chapter guide Introduction Summary Description Explanation Comment Evaluation Conclusion Work Cited Introduction Vitamin D is one of the crucial eating routine necessities which is retained through the skin and forestalls the development of rickets among individuals. In this manner, presentation to the sun is in every case extremely solid. In any case, of late individuals have found that because of the consumption of the Ozone layer (because of expansion of ozone depleting substances), people are presently presented to hurtful bright beams known to cause sun consumes, untimely wrinkling of the skin and furthermore the unpleasant skin cancer.Advertising We will compose a custom report test on Waterproof Sunscreen Lotions explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More To forestall the skin disease and opposite symptoms, there have been battles of utilizing waterproof sunscreen salves, for example, the Sunblock which is an item that gives a covering on the skin which forestalls sun consumes and sun harms (Cooper 121). To forestall early presentation of their kids to the destructive Ultraviolet beams, guardians have been applying sunscreen moisturizers to their bodies however regardless of the great capacities that these salves serve at ensuring individuals skins, whenever utilized imprudently it can prompt debacle. For instance if a waterproof sunscreen moisturizer goes into a youngster or anybody eyes, it is difficult to evacuate them utilizing water since they are water verification and if there is hesitance in reaching the specialists, it can cause lasting visual deficiency. Synopsis Description Waterproof sunscreen salves are acceptable at ensuring your kid against skin malignant growth which can be brought about by the presentation to the daylight, yet while numerous individuals utilize the creams in their everyday life, it is critical to take note of that there are negative repercussions if the moisturizers are not utilized well. As appear ed on account of the parent who applied a waterproof sunscreen moisturizer on his child and without realizing the child got some at him before it had dried, in all probability from his hands. The sunscreen cream caused bothering and the kid cried since it was harming yet the utilization of water to help facilitate the disturbance couldn't work since the moisturizer was waterproof. At the point when he called the Poison Control Center and clarified what had occurred, they advised him to take the kid to Emergency Room where on appearance without sitting around, they applied a few synthetic substances in the boy’s eyes to weaken and evacuate the waterproof sunscreen. Just because, the parent understood that individuals do lose their eyes from the impacts of waterproof sunscreen as it consumes the eyes totally and in spite of the fact that his child lost his visual perception for two days, at any rate he was fortunate to recoup completely. The guardians later called the sunscreen organization and educated them about the issue, where the administration conceded the issue yet they said skin malignant growth was more genuine than visual deficiency therefore the proceeded with obliviousness. They additionally contended out that they can’t caution the guardians on the grounds that their items would lose showcase because of dread. The parent at that point proposed that they should in this manner change the fixings utilized in making the lotion.Advertising Looking for report on wellbeing medication? How about we check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More To show the reality of this issue, the guardians did a gigantic article cautioning different guardians of the peril their children were presented to when utilizing the waterproof sunscreen creams yet realizing that waterproof sunscreen use couldn't stop, they cautioned them not to quit utilizing it however simply be cautious that their children don’t contact their eyes at any rate for 15 minutes in the wake of applying and whenever done inadvertently they ought to consistently contact Emergency Rooms on the double. Clarification The article is attempting to caution different guardians who apply creams to their offspring of the looming fiasco they open their youngsters to if not applied well or if the sunscreen salve got into the child’s eyes. This is obviously given by the circumstance the author ended up in when his child contacted his eyes with the waterproof sunscreen. Considerably in the wake of attempting to apply water in the boy’s eyes nothing appeared to work and he needed to contact the Poisons Control Center who guided him to visit the Emergency Room quickly as his child could be at risk for loosing vision. To ensure that each parent got this data, the guardians did a tremendous article on the issue in the city, and afterward visited a few newsrooms cautioning the guardians of the dangers in question however illuminati ng them not to quit utilizing the salve yet use it cautiously. Remark With the guardians having been cautioned, there is probability of decreased utilization of the waterproof sunscreen moisturizer. Guardians may move to utilizing sunscreen creams which are not water evidence as water can help in weakening the synthetic compounds before arriving at the clinics for legitimate drug and subsequently lessening the antagonistic impacts. The guardians are likewise liable to be increasingly cautious in the jobs they play on their youngsters upkeep in such a case that not cautious, poor stockpiling of specific substances, for example, the waterproof sunscreen can prompt grave risks to the kids who may utilize them indiscreetly without knowing. Assessment The content is influential because of the way that the writer of the article expresses that to show the earnestness of the issue, he reached the sunscreen organization and enquired why they delivered substances which they knew were perilous if indiscreetly utilized without notice the users.Advertising We will compose a custom report test on Waterproof Sunscreen Lotions explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More The guardians went further and did a colossal article in the city notice against the equivalent, lastly visited newsrooms cautioning the guardians of the dangers in question. In any case, this convincingness is lost when he advises the parent not to quit utilizing the sunscreen they be simply cautious that it never discover its way in their youngsters eyes. End It is solid and critical to utilize waterproof sunscreen for security against malignant growth which results from sun introduction however it is likewise fitting to utilize water evidence sunscreen cautiously as its contact with delicate body organs, for example, the eyes can prompt instances of visual deficiency if not went to on schedule. Work Cited Cooper, Donald. Essentials of Search and Rescue. New York: Jones Bartlett Learning, 2005. This report on Waterproof Sunscreen Lotions was composed and presented by client Lance Zimmerman to help you with your own examinations. You are allowed to utilize it for research and reference purposes so as to compose your own paper; be that as it may, you should refer to it in like manner. You can give your paper here.

Nature vs. Nurture Genes or Environment

Nature vs. Nurture Genes or Environment Theories Print The Age Old Debate of Nature vs. Nurture By Kendra Cherry facebook twitter Kendra Cherry, MS, is an author, educational consultant, and speaker focused on helping students learn about psychology. Learn about our editorial policy Kendra Cherry Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Steven Gans, MD on August 28, 2017 Steven Gans, MD is board-certified in psychiatry and is an active supervisor, teacher, and mentor at Massachusetts General Hospital. Learn about our Medical Review Board Steven Gans, MD Updated on July 01, 2019 Verywell / Joshua Seong More in Theories Behavioral Psychology Cognitive Psychology Developmental Psychology Personality Psychology Social Psychology Biological Psychology Psychosocial Psychology The nature versus nurture debate is one of the oldest philosophical issues within psychology. So what exactly is it all about? Nature refers to all of the genes and hereditary factors that influence who we areâ€"from our physical appearance to our personality characteristics.Nurture refers to all the environmental variables that impact who we are, including our early childhood experiences, how we were raised, our social relationships, and our surrounding culture. Even today, different branches of psychology often take a one versus the other approach. For example, biological psychology tends to stress the importance of genetics and biological influences. Behaviorism, on the other hand, focuses on the impact that the environment has on behavior. In the past, debates over the relative contributions of nature versus nurture often took a very one-sided approach, with one side arguing that nature played the most important role and the other side suggesting that it was nurture that was the most significant. Today, most experts recognize that both factors play a critical role.?? Not only that, but they also realize that nature and nurture interact in important ways all throughout life. A Closer Look at the Nature vs. Nurture Debate Do genetic or environmental factors have a greater influence on your behavior? Do inherited traits or life experiences play a greater role in shaping your personality? The nature versus nurture debate is one of the oldest issues in psychology. The debate centers on the relative contributions of genetic inheritance and environmental factors to human development. Some philosophers such as Plato and Descartes suggested that certain things are inborn, or that they occur naturally regardless of environmental influences. Nativists take the position that all or most behaviors and characteristics are the results of inheritance. Advocates of this point of view believe that all of our characteristics and behaviors are the result of evolution. Genetic traits handed down from parents influence the individual differences that make each person unique. Other well-known thinkers such as John Locke believed in what is known as tabula rasa, which suggests that the mind begins as a blank slate. According to this notion, everything that we are and all of our knowledge is determined by our experience. Empiricists take the position that all or most behaviors and characteristics result from learning. Behaviorism is a good example of a theory rooted in empiricism. The behaviorists believe that all actions and behaviors are the results of conditioning. Theorists such as John B. Watson believed that people could be trained to do and become anything, regardless of their genetic background. Examples of Nature vs.  Nurture For example, when a person achieves tremendous academic success, did they do so because they are genetically predisposed to be successful or is it a result of an enriched environment? If a man abuses his wife and kids, is it because he was born with violent tendencies or is it something he learned by observing his own parents behavior? A few examples of biologically determined characteristics (nature) include certain genetic diseases, eye color, hair color, and skin color. Other things like life expectancy and height have a strong biological component, but they are also influenced by environmental factors and lifestyle. An example of a nativist theory within psychology is Chomskys concept of a language acquisition device (or LAD).?? ?According to this theory, all children are born with an instinctive mental capacity that allows them to both learn and produce language. Some characteristics are tied to environmental influences. How a person behaves can be linked to influences such as parenting styles and learned experiences. For example, a child might learn through observation and reinforcement to say please and thank you. Another child might learn to behave aggressively by observing older children engage in violent behavior on the playground. One example of an empiricist theory within psychology is Albert Banduras social learning theory. According to the theory, people learn by observing the behavior of others. In his famous Bobo doll experiment, Bandura demonstrated that children could learn aggressive behaviors simply by observing another person acting aggressively. Even today, research in psychology often tends to emphasize one influence over the other. In biopsychology, for example, researchers conduct studies exploring how neurotransmitters influence behavior, which emphasizes the nature side of the debate. In social psychology, researchers might conduct studies looking at how things such as peer pressure and social media influence behaviors, stressing the importance of nurture. How Nature and Nurture Interact What researchers do know is that the interaction between heredity and environment is often the most important factor of all. Kevin Davies of PBSs Nova described one fascinating example of this phenomenon. Perfect pitch is the ability to detect the pitch of a musical tone without any reference. Researchers have found that this ability tends to run in families and believe that it might be tied to a single gene. However, theyve also discovered that possessing the gene alone is not enough to develop this ability. Instead, musical training during early childhood is necessary to allow this inherited ability to manifest itself.?? Height is another example of a trait that is influenced by nature and nurture interaction. A child might come from a family where everyone is tall, and he may have inherited these genes for height. However, if he grows up in a deprived environment where he does not receive proper nourishment, he might never attain the height he might have had he grown up in a healthier environment. Contemporary Views of Nature vs.  Nurture Throughout the history of psychology, however, this debate has continued to stir up controversy. Eugenics, for example, was a movement heavily influenced by the nativist approach. Psychologist Francis Galton, a cousin of the naturalist Charles Darwin, coined both the terms nature versus nurture and eugenics  and believed that intelligence was the result of genetics. Galton believed that intelligent individuals should be encouraged to marry and have many children, while less intelligent individuals should be discouraged from reproducing. Today, the majority of experts believe that both nature and nurture influence behavior and development. However, the issue still rages on in many areas such as in the debate on the origins of homosexuality and influences on intelligence. While few people take the extreme nativist or radical empiricist approach, researchers and experts still debate the degree to which biology and environment influence behavior. Increasingly, people are beginning to realize that asking how much heredity or environment influence a particular trait is not the right approach. The reality is that there is not a  simple way to disentangle the multitude of forces that exist. These influences include genetic factors that interact with one another, environmental factors that interact such as social experiences and overall culture, as well as how both hereditary and environmental influences intermingle. Instead, many researchers today are interested in seeing how genes modulate environmental influences and vice versa.

How to Get Into West Point

How to Get Into West Point During the Revolutionary War, George Washington identified a plateau on the west bank of the Hudson River, about 50 miles north of New York City, as the single most important strategic position in all of nascent America. Despite the best treasonous efforts of Benedict Arnold to hand over the newly-fortified lands to the British, the Continental Army never lost control of West Point and it has remained the longest continuously occupied military post in the United States. In 1802, President Jefferson turned West Point into the United States Military Academy (USMA) where, for hundreds of subsequent years, it has churned out a steady flow of American military leaders.High school students seeking admittance into the USMA will face a different type of admissions maze than encountered by applicants to other uber-selective universities. To help guide you through the labyrinth, we will cover:Do I need a letter from a member of Congress to get into West Point?When should I apply for a nominati on?What SAT score do I need to get into West Point?What grades do I need to get into West Point?What are the academics like at West Point?Getting Nominated/Qualified/Admitted at West PointWhat are the outcomes for West Point graduates?First, let’s tackle the most unique component of the West Point application—the Congressional or service-connected nomination.Congressional Nomination RequirementThose seeking admission to Stanford’s Computer Science program do not need to seek the formal endorsement of Bill Gates, Mark Zuckerberg, or Google-founders Larry Page and Sergey Brin. That would just be strange, right? Well, when applying to West Point you actually are required to obtain a Congressional nomination from one of the following sources:A member of the U.S. SenateA member of the U.S. House of RepresentativesThe Vice-President of the United StatesThe Governor or Resident Commissioner of Puerto RicoThe Secretary of the ArmyWhile getting more than one Congressiona l nomination will not benefit you, it behooves applicants to apply to both of their Senators as well as their local House of Representatives member as doing so will increase the overall odds of obtaining a singular nomination. Each MOC is given five nomination slots per year across all five service academies. Each senator is given the same.Service-Connected Nomination If your mother or father has been an active duty member of the Army, Navy, Air Force, Marines, or the Coast Guard for eight or more years, you are eligible for a Presidential nomination. Sons and daughters of a retired/disabled/deceased armed forces veteran are afforded the same opportunity, however, Presidential nominations are capped at 100 per year so it recommended that these applications also submit requests to their MOCs.Children of Medal of Honor winners are granted the same courtesy but there is no annual cap placed on them. Those who are enrolled in the Junior of Senior Reserve Officer Training Corps (ROTC) ca n have their Senior Instructor nominate them instead of a MOC.How many West Point students receive Congressional vs. Service-Connected nominations?Of West Point’s roughly 4,400 undergraduate students, the greatest percentage were nominated by the 435 members of the House of Representatives (who each typically nominate one candidate to each academy annually), Senate-nominated applicants represent the second largest contingent, followed by Service-Connected nominations.When to apply for a West Point nominationWhile West Point doesn’t need your nomination paperwork until the 31st of January during your senior year, it is advisable to start the process of reaching out to your MOCs during 11th grade. The online Vice Presidential nomination application opens on March 1st and closes the following January 31st. All MOC nominating offices have their own deadlines. Some members of the HOR and the Senate have application deadlines in September of senior year while others have a l ater November deadline; most will allow you to submit your applications as early as the second-semester of your junior year.What standardized test scores do you need to get into West Point?There is an image of perfection projected by the USMA that might scare non-1600 SAT scorers into not even bothering to apply. Yet, an examination of the 2018-19 freshman class reveals a far less intimidating picture. Sixteen percent of applicants did in fact score a 700+ on the Critical Reading section and one-quarter earned a 700 or greater on the Math portion. However, the largest chunk—45% of freshman—scored between a 500 and 599 on Critical Reading. Math scores tended to be higher with 49% of undergrads having earned a 600-699 on that section of the exam.Oddly, on the ACT, the reverse was true. Fifty-seven percent of ACT-takers achieved in the range of 31-36 on the English section while the greatest number—52%—scored in the 26-30 range on the Math section.What GPA d o I need to get accepted at West Point?West Point doesn’t release GPA data from their applicants but we can glean all we need to know about the high school record of their average admitted applicant through their class rank breakdown. A solid 64% of members of the class of 2022 hailed from the top 20% of their high school class, 19% ranked in the second-fifth, and 11% were in the third-fifth. This should also be extremely encouraging to prospective USMA applicants as many other highly-selective schools with comparable (or even friendlier) acceptance rates often see at least 64% of their freshman class ranking in the top 10%.Going from â€Å"Nominated† to â€Å"Qualified† to â€Å"Admitted†Out of the 12,294 applicants seeking a spot in the West Point class of 2022, only 4,005 ended up receiving nominations. From there, the pool was sliced in half again as the admissions committee found 2,228 of that group to be â€Å"qualified† physically and academ ically. Another round of scrutiny cleaved down the number or men and women left standing to a mere 1,210. This 9.8% acceptance rate is the lowest in the history of the USMA.Academic environment at West PointThere are good reasons for the long line jockeying for a position inside of West Point. The USMA boasts an outstanding 7:1 student-to-faculty ratio and a collection of dedicated professors that are routinely voted among the most accessible of any institution in the country. There are 36 majors to choose from including nine with the word â€Å"engineering† in the title. This works out well as West Point runs one of the premier undergraduate engineering programs in the country. The most popular majors include business, mechanical engineering, systems engineering, engineering (general), economics, history, and military science.Outcomes for West Point students Fitting for a college full of disciplined cadets, you won’t find a school with a more uniform outcome for gradu ates—fortunately, the results for degree-earners are all equally positive. West Point grads assume the title of Second Lieutenant upon exiting West Point and earn an average starting salary of $53,000; the job placement rate is an unmatched 100%. Not bad for a school that doesn’t charge a dime for tuition or room and board. The United States Military Academy continues to successfully complete its mission to educate, train, and inspire the Corps of Cadets so that each graduate is a commissioned leader of character committed to the values of Duty, Honor, Country and prepared for a career of professional excellence and service to the Nation as an officer in the United States Army.

Fluorescence Versus Phosphorescence

Chemistry And Application Of Click Chemistry - 1411 Words

Click Chemistry and Application Zhuo Wang Abstract: Discuss the history, mechanism and application of â€Å"Click chemistry†. Through the introduction of â€Å"Click chemistry†, demonstrate the role it plays in chemical biology filed, the typical synthesis way of this concept, and current application in drug synthesis and research. Keywords: Click chemistry, vivo system, Huisgen 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition, CuAAC, Diels-Alder reaction Introduction: The phrase click chemistry was invented by K. Barry Sharpless in 1998, and was first integrally described by Sharpless, Hartmuth Kolb, and M.G. Finn of The Scripps Research Institute in 2001.[1][2] In Chemical synthesis, â€Å"Click Chemistry† is a category bio-compatible reactions which have potential to be the special synthesis way of specific bio-molecules. It is not an isolated specific synthesis reaction, but include a sort of relevant products, which also engenders big molecule by linking small specific molecules together. Usually click reactions link a bio-molecule and a target molecule. Click chemistry is not limited to biological field, the idea of a click reaction has been applied in pharmacological and various bio-mimetic applications. However, they have been made significantly appliance in the detection, localization and qualification of bio-molecules. Click reactions are one-pot reactions, which are not hindered by water, generate mineral salt and inoffensive byproducts, and are characterized by a high thermodynamic drivingShow MoreRelatedDiscussion for Gas Law Experiment1537 Words   |  7 PagesChemistry 1061: Principles of Chemistry I Gas Laws Gas Laws: Pressure, Volume, and Temperature Introduction Pressure, volume, and temperature are properties of gases that reveal their relationships when any one of them is varied. Changing the temperature of a gas may change its volume or pressure, but how? What are the mathematical relationships between these properties? Are there limits to them? Scientists have discovered through the study of properties of gases that there is indeed a theoreticalRead MoreChemistry : Biology And Chemical Biology1099 Words   |  5 Pages5. Bioorthogonal Click reactions Click chemistry has wide applications in biotechnology and chemical biology. For use of such reactions in the above disciplines of science, such click reactions need to be bioorthogonal. A bioorthogonal reaction is one which takes place without interfering with native biochemical processes. These type of reactions take place without interfering with components of the living system. The term bioorthogonal chemistry was coined by scientist Carolyn Bertozzi in 2003 (Wikipedia)Read MoreDr. Stevin Gehrkes Lab1073 Words   |  5 Pageson campus, and I eventually pursued an opportunity to partake in undergraduate research involving hydrogels and their characteristics in Dr. Stevin Gehrke’s lab. 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Business Plan On Coffee Shops - 1425 Words

Business Plan On Coffee Shops Business Name : Rio Coffee Comapany Name: Well Food Name of the founder: Abdus Salam Problems The coffee shop isn’t truly a restaurant and it isn’t strictly a retail establishment. There are also several real business issues that are somewhat unique to the coffee shop industry as a whole. †¢ Rising supply cost: Profit margins in the coffee industry are relatively hefty ( about 85%, give or take), but the overall profit per cup is small. And making margins is even more difficult as the price of beans goes up. †¢ Unreliable employees: Coffee shops in Bangladesh have maximum number of employees who are impulsive, unruly and sometimes unreliable. The problems are maintenace of customer relationship, low†¦show more content†¦Most commercial espresso machines are built to be connected directly to the plumbing in your building so that they have a constant supply of water, and do not need to be filled manually. Rio Coffee intends to do a high volume business and want years of use out of espresso machine, they will either use distilled water or must invest in a watersoftener to be installed in-line with the water supply to the espresso machine. Competition †¢ Rio Coffee is a new Coffee shop in the town of Chittagong which has become popular because of its food and variety of Coffees’. The competition in this sector is rising day by day as new Coffee chains like Club pro are in the market. But Rio Coffee has competitive edge due o its association with well food which is a brand in Chittagong. Marketing and Sales †¢ Market Analysis Summary: In Bangladesh coffee consumption has shown steady growth, with gourmet coffee having the strongest growth. Rio Coffee will focus its marketing activities on reaching the University students and faculty, people working in offices located close to the coffee bar and on sophisticated teenagers. Our market research shows that these are the customer groups that are most likely to buy gourmet coffee products. Since gourmet coffee consumption is universal across different income categories and mostly depends on the level of higher education, proximity to tution centersShow MoreRelatedCoffee Shop Business Plan8541 Words   |  35 PagesTable of Contents 1. Executive Summary 2. General Company Description 3. Products and services 4. Marketing Plan 1. Market Research 2. Economics 3. Product 4. Customers 5. Competition 6. Table 1: Competitive Analysis 7. Niche 8. Strategy 9. Promotion 10. Pricing 11. Proposed Location 12. Distribution Channels 5. Operational Plan 1. Production 2. Location 3. Legal Environment 4. Personnel 5. Inventory 6. Suppliers 7. Credit PoliciesRead MoreCoffee Shop Business Plan8552 Words   |  35 PagesContents 1. Executive Summary 2. General Company Description 3. Products and services 4. Marketing Plan 1. Market Research 2. Economics 3. Product 4. Customers 5. Competition 6. Table 1: Competitive Analysis 7. Niche 8. Strategy 9. Promotion 10. Pricing 11. Proposed Location 12. Distribution Channels 5. Operational Plan 1. Production 2. Location 3. Legal Environment 4. Personnel 5. Inventory 6. Suppliers 7Read MoreMarketing Plan For Coffee Shop Business Essay1228 Words   |  5 PagesIntroduction Coffee is one of the most popular world’s most popular beverages. Almost every person loves coffee. Americans consume 400 million cups of coffee per day, equivalent to 146 billion cups of coffee per year, making the United States the leading consumer of coffee in the world according to Huffington post. If you are a coffee addicts or coffee lover, most likely you will begin every day with a cup of coffee. It’s not a doubtful guess, given that 68 percent of coffee drinkers have a cupRead MoreMarketing Plan For Coffee Shop Business Essay2015 Words   |  9 Pages Coffee is one of the most popular world’s most popular beverages. Almost every person loves coffee. Americans consume 400 million cups of coffee per day, equivalent to 146 billion cups of coffee per year, making the United States the leading consumer of coffee in the world according to Huffington post. If you are a coffee addicts or coffee lover, most likely you will begin eve ry day with a cup of coffee. It’s not a doubtful guess, given that 68 percent of coffee drinkers have a cupRead MoreSample Business Plan of Coffee Shop13076 Words   |  53 PagesSource: www.bplans.com Following is a sample business plan of a coffee retail chain. Although Mekong Capital is not demanding a similar standard, qualified business plans are expected to cover most aspects of the sample. More samples and information are available on Bplans website (www.bplans.com). Page 1 of 34. Source: www.bplans.com TABLE OF CONTENT 1.0 Executive Summary ......................................................................................................... 3 1.1Read MoreBusiness Plan for Opening a Coffee Shop1600 Words   |  7 PagesOpening a coffee shop In today’s China, the development of coffee market growth rapidly. Many people try to take part in this business market. However, it had a successful coffee shop is not an easy task. There are few points we must focus on when we decided to open a coffee shop. First of all, the most important thing is choosing a good location. We cannot make the decision recklessly. Owners should analysis to the different situation with surrounding areas, including: surrounding people’sRead MoreBusiness Plan For Vanilla Bean Coffee Shop1091 Words   |  5 PagesBusiness Plan Vanilla Bean Coffee Shop Executive Summary Recognition to major coffee chains, in the last two decades the coffeehouse has become a familiar portion of American life. Every day, millions of Americans stop for a specialty coffee. These consumers who would not have dreamed of spending more than fifty cents for a cup of coffee a few years ago now joyfully pay three to five dollars for their specialty flavored hot and ice blended javas. The specialty coffee business is growing at a robustRead MoreCoffee Shop Business Plan Essay1704 Words   |  7 Pagespage 2 Hannah Eisenstat had a business plan to own and operate a small business to sell coffee to patrons. The business started out with one owner Hannah being sole proprietorship venture. The business started out a bit weak while Hannah found once it was up and operating that the coffee did not produce the flavor she had anticipated and envisioned. A regular customer made an offer to become an investor offering an idea that would eliminate the small business into a larger company that wouldRead MoreMarketing Plan For A Successful Coffee Shop1105 Words   |  5 Pagesthemselves if someone wants to start a business they have to be prepared. They can not just start a business without a good strategy; they have to have preparations in place in order for the business to become very successful. For example, the Starbucks Company started with one store in Pike Place Market in Seattle, Washington in 1971. Starbucks now has over 21,000 stores in 65 different countries. To achieve this level of success, one must have a good business plan, excellent marketing materials, andRead MoreCoffee Shop1526 Words   |  7 PagesSample coffee shop business plan A sample business plan for a coffee shop which can be used to create your own business plan or help you assess the risks and benefits of opening a coffee shop or similar business. Sponsored Links [pic][pic]    |If you are planning to open a coffee shop, the very first thing you need to do is write a business plan. This is useful in many | |ways: it will allow you time to consider all your options before committing as well as put down on paper your goals

Colonization in A Peoples History of the United States 1492 to Book Report/Review

Essays on Colonization in A People's History of the United States: 1492 to Present by Howard Zinn Book Report/Review The paper "Colonization in A People's History of the United States: 1492 to Present by Howard Zinn" is an excellent example of a book review on history. The two chapters under discussion explain colonization: direct and indirect and of two different continents but by people from the same continent but who had different motives. The first chapter explains colonization of America (an indirect account of how it started) by Christopher Columbus. Columbus’ colonization on the Arawak was indirect and purely by accident but nevertheless he mistreated them (Zinn 19). The same chapter also provides examples of how other Europeans from different European countries also came to America after its discovery by Columbus and they started also colonizing the other Indians who were there mostly the Iroquois trying to change their ways of life and culture. They managed to disrupt their native culture leaving animosity behind (Johnston 29).Chapter though different is similar too. The colonization, in this case, is on the African countries happened in the same way where the Europeans wanted goods from Africa and they, therefore, enslaved them and brought back others as slaves with them and selling them in America to the white wealthy people to be their slaves and servants (Pickett and Dwayne 15).Those not taken as slaves were colonized. The Europeans in the different African countries used different methods to try and enlighten the African with their â€Å"superior† culture making them abandon their cultures and other traditions because they were not good enough including their education and religious beliefs.Discuss why the author chose the title of the chapter.The titles of the two chapters: â€Å"Columbus, the Indians, and Human Progress† and â€Å"Drawing the Color Line† are in line with the explanations being provided within the chapter and they act as a sort of guideline of what the reader should expect is discussed within the chapters.

Behavior Teams Free Essays

The reading made me realize that group and teams alike have their own purposes. However, I could not help but notice that teams have more advantages as compared to a group. I believe that every teams starts out as a group and after some time they would then on develop into a team. We will write a custom essay sample on Behavior Teams or any similar topic only for you Order Now Being a team is necessary if one needs to truly develop and flourish. I realized that people or organizations would have better use of a team than a group especially since in a team there could be no room for someone who does not wish to participate (in contrast to a group wherein a person could just sit around doing nothing at all). The reading also made me realize that in an organization there is both a team and a group. The group should do everything in their power to develop themselves into a team. In a group the individual importance of a person is minimized since Person A could still do Person B’s job even if Person B does not appear in a meeting. In contrast, a team could not operate without one of their members since a team was developed based on their own personal expertise which in turn could better ensure their success. The presence of dependence and independence makes a team something far better and more useful in an organization especially since in a team everyone could meet in the middle and discuss their own ideas which one could not do in a group since only one person has the power to decide (the leader). The reading also made me realize the importance of sensing the needs of others. In professional situations, sensing is very important so that one would be able to gauge the needs of the teams and resolve the conflicts in the process. After sensing what the problems or the issues may be I should then move on to diagnose what is to be done to resolve the issue and I could better do that by opening the issues in the team. By doing a constructive criticism or the like each member of the team could then move on to contribute what is to be done to better the team’s position. We could also tell each other where one went wrong in order to ascertain that such things would never happen again. This is one of the most successful plans there could be in ensuring the harmony in a team which could address everyone’s need. References: Mackin, D. (2007). The Difference Between A Team And A Group [Electronic Version] from http://www. sideroad. com/Team_Building/difference-between-team-and-group. html. Williams, N. (2000). The Top 10 Key Differences Between a Team of Individuals and a Group of Individuals [Electronic Version] from http://topten. org/public/AE/AE244. html. How to cite Behavior Teams, Papers

Christmas Carol The Moral Message Essay Example For Students

Christmas Carol The Moral Message Essay In the preface to A Christmas Carol, Dickens states that he had endeavoured in this Ghostly little book, to raise the Ghost of an idea. To what extent do you think he is successful in creating an enjoyable Christmas story with a serious moral message about the treatment of others? A Christmas Carol is the story of a single mans spiritual journey in the festive season. Dickens tries to raise the Ghost of an idea by basing the novel on his own experiences as a working class individual in the Victorian era. Dickens raises moral issues still relevant today, such as the immense variation in quality of life between classes. The topics raised will linger in the readers minds, in order for them to understand the social and spiritual consequences of their actions. Dickens aim was to raise awareness of a social and economic plight. He chooses to convey this fundamental message through the simple story of Ebenezer Scrooge, a squeezing, wrenching, grasping, scraping, clutching, covetous old sinner. This book uses Scrooge as a metaphor to show the wealthy Victorian public the plight of those living in extreme poverty, and that it is never too late to adjust your ways. This allegory, though basic, is effective, as the one dimensional characters are polarised, emphasising the moral reversal. This allows people to identify more with Scrooges spiritual journey. In the preface, Dickens also states that he does not want readers to feel out of humour after having read the novel. The purpose of the book is seemingly to entertain and enlighten, not to cast a burden onto anyones mind. The similarities between characters and the social classes in Victorian society must not be taken with offence. The book, although not religious, does have undertones of Christianity, clearly shown through the three spirits and the significance of life after death. Scrooge is instantly introduced as a cruel and immoral person, to ensure the audiences reaction to him is negative. The way Scrooge is described is also reflective on his treatment of the poor: he was a tight-fisted hand at the grindstone. This shows that he never gave away money to anyone, and was greedy with his wealth. Scrooge is also described as a squeezing, wrenching, grasping, clutching, covetous, old sinner. This suggests the list of negative characteristics could go on indefinitely. The use of pathetic fallacy strengthens Scrooges image as a bad character, although this comparison would have been much more significant in Victorian England, as winters were harsh and bleak, especially for the poor. No wind that blew was bitterer than he, no falling snow more intent upon its purpose. This description of Scrooge contrasts strongly with that of his nephew, Fred, who is all in a glow; his face was ruddy and handsome; his eyes sparkled, and his breath smoked again. These two descriptions, when juxtaposed, show the extreme linguistic and physical contrasts between the two characters, although they are related. The difference between these two characters simply helps to emphasise Scrooges malicious nature and help the readers warm to Fred. Scrooge is also described as solitary as an oyster, a manifestation of his reclusive nature and self. However, this leads to the question, is Scrooge like an oyster, holding a pearl inside, with the potential to love and give? The scene with the charity workers is used as a plea for the poor and destitute people of Victorian society. Many thousands are in want of common necessaries, hundred of thousands are in want of common comforts. This statement, issued from one charity worker only leads on, however, to a show to Scrooges selfishness and lack of empathy. I dont make myself merry at Christmas and I cant afford to make idle people merry. This should influence the audience to act in such a way as to distance themselves from Scrooges behaviour, and to give to the poor. The harsh response from Scrooge, coupled with his discourteous tone and rude language implies that he believes unemployed people are worthless and not deserving of his money or time. .uccee2e1b2cfd29f7925a608c14053665 , .uccee2e1b2cfd29f7925a608c14053665 .postImageUrl , .uccee2e1b2cfd29f7925a608c14053665 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uccee2e1b2cfd29f7925a608c14053665 , .uccee2e1b2cfd29f7925a608c14053665:hover , .uccee2e1b2cfd29f7925a608c14053665:visited , .uccee2e1b2cfd29f7925a608c14053665:active { border:0!important; } .uccee2e1b2cfd29f7925a608c14053665 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uccee2e1b2cfd29f7925a608c14053665 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uccee2e1b2cfd29f7925a608c14053665:active , .uccee2e1b2cfd29f7925a608c14053665:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uccee2e1b2cfd29f7925a608c14053665 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uccee2e1b2cfd29f7925a608c14053665 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uccee2e1b2cfd29f7925a608c14053665 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uccee2e1b2cfd29f7925a608c14053665 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uccee2e1b2cfd29f7925a608c14053665:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uccee2e1b2cfd29f7925a608c14053665 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .uccee2e1b2cfd29f7925a608c14053665 .uccee2e1b2cfd29f7925a608c14053665-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uccee2e1b2cfd29f7925a608c14053665:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Modern Drama EssayDickens uses Scrooge, throughout this scene, as a mouthpiece for the prevailing attitudes of the particular time the poor were routinely criminalised. This scene leads to further alienation and hatred of Scrooge. Conversely, Scrooges reaction would not have differed greatly from that of people at the time, as support for the poor law and treadmill was common, and Victorian policies greatly endorsed. Through the governments ideas, people began to criminalise the poor, although this concept is far removed from the assistance they are given today. Scrooge shows throughout this discussion his support for the imprisonment of poor people, as he has even gone so far as to aid these organisations: I help to support the establishment I have mentioned: they cost enough. This also implies he believes that the poor should be encouraged to work, and those who cannot pay their debts, should be imprisoned or put into work houses. Dickens viewpoint is seen clearly through this scene as he encourages the audience to dislike Scrooge, as he himself shows criticism for the criminalisation of the deprived.

Social Advertising Strategy to Reduce Speeding

Question: Discuss about the Social Advertising Strategy to Reduce Speeding. Answer: Introduction: Foolsspeed was one of the campaigns that are used for reducing speeding in and around Scotland (Lefebvre 2013). This campaign was used for promotional activities for informing the targeted customer base with the help of social marketing principles. This was one of the social advertising campaigns that incorporates major structured social marketing framework for bringing changes in the speeding attitudes present in the human beings (Burchell, Rettie and Patel 2013) Social advertising strategy was mainly developed for meeting the objectives of the campaign. Targeting and segmentation considers as the general driving population especially in Scotland whereby overall target group are men aged 24 to 44 years in social classes such as professional, white collar as well as clerical workers (Burchell, Rettie and Patel 2013). Branding means the Foolsspeed brand and identity for meeting the objectives. Product- The product discussed here is the campaign named as Foolsspeed. The main purpose of the campaign is reducing the speeding in Scotland (Lefebvre 2013). Price- In this particular campaign, the Mirror TV advert addressing temporal costs like saving time In addition, the Doppelganger TV advert focuses majorly on emotional costs like pleasure of driving fast (Burchell, Rettie and Patel 2013). Place- This means distribution of communication as well as educational materials with the help of channels such as urban roads, homes as well as Glasgow cinemas and business in and around Scotland (Lefebvre 2013). Promotion- This can be done by advertising six 10-second campaign launches by TV adverts as well as four TBP TV adverts. It involves outdoor media such as bus backs, vehicle decals, petrol pump advertising as well as parking ticket advertising (Burchell, Rettie and Patel 2013). In addition, PR involves adverts as well as articles featured in the Herald. Unpaid publicity means use of Foolsspeed used by Association of Chief Police Officers in Scotland. Reference List Burchell, K., Rettie, R. and Patel, K., 2013. Marketing social norms: social marketing and the social norm approach. Journal of Consumer Behaviour, 12(1), pp.1-9. Lefebvre, R.C., 2013. Social marketing and social change: Strategies and tools for improving health, well-being, and the environment. John Wiley Sons.

The Essence of Interpersonal Communication Essay

The Essence of Interpersonal Communication EssayExtensive research has revealed that a good understanding of interpersonal communication is the foundation for academic success in any academic field. With the increasing trend of globalization, this term of excellence is now used as a major skill to attract and retain the best minds in our society.To be able to understand this concept better, we should know how it is done properly. This is accomplished by studying the core skills of communication that can be learned only through observation and experience. If we can get these two skills, we can easily be able to succeed in any academic field.The first skill that can be applied in interpersonal communication is the recognition that all communication involves the use of eye contact. There are several kinds of contact that take place through eye contact and these can be classified into direct and indirect. For instance, you cannot direct your gaze to someone by using indirect contact sinc e the other person will have an opportunity to look at you directly.Moreover, when the other person looks at you, you can immediately come to his or her attention using direct contact. In addition, you should also pay attention to the fact that the other person should not be used to see you without a face-to-face interaction.To get the right level of the eye contact, the person involved should be at the same level as you. Therefore, the other person should also look at you while looking at him or her. By doing this, you get the illusion that you have already established eye contact with the other person.The next interpersonal communication skill we should know is to choose the right words. Since the body language involved in eye contact and direct contact differs greatly from words, the way you say things or how you word things is quite important. As a result, the more effective your language skills are, the more you are successful in the academic field.A good communication skill ca n be developed through practicing. When you practice on a daily basis, the skill will be very apparent and you will start being able to connect the details of the communication process with the person you are talking to.

Cat on a Hot Tin Roof

Cat on a Hot Tin Roof represents a title of a brilliant play composed by Tennessee William, an American playwright. The play focuses on a non-adaptive southern family that is pushed by life to handle concealed deceit and hypocrisy. The issues presented in this play transcend time and realm. William has succeeded in producing a modern tragedy which looks into the consequences of social change, human heart deception and portrayal of the ordinary tragedies that are faced by ordinary people in a dynamic world.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Cat on a Hot Tin Roof specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Generally, the play emphasizes tragedy in contemporary troubles such as alcoholism, mendacity, regret, betrayal, bitterness, greed, cancer and death. The play also explores homosexuality and infidelity which in part, play a role in bringing these terrible and sorrowful events. Cat on a Tin Roof is, arguably, A Tragedy. Yet, t his is a somewhat a vague term; broad, certainly. This essay aims to discuss â€Å"tragedy† as presented in various ways in the play. Kolin argues that, the Cat on a Hot Tin Roof, with its classic antecedents, share a basic principle: â€Å"Man is not the master of his soul. The great decisions are made by forces beyond control (1)†. In the play, superior forces that the characters fight against are biological, social, psychological and economic. As the play commences, one observes that there seems to be lack of communication among the characters as they appear to be suffering from lonesomeness. Tennessee looks to be leery of the alterations in the social measures and household unit dissolution resulting from social and global modifications. This is a fear that is reflected by Big Daddy’s phrase; â€Å"Sometimes I think that a vacuum is a hell of a lot better than some of the stuff that nature replaces it with†(122). This basically means that emergence an d development is in accordance with nature but the result brought about by the change is often damaging and unanticipated. Big Daddy, as a matter of fact is an American Dream embodiment and via his character. Tennessee depicts how the society of America has made a sacrifice of all values in the name of the most appealing value in the globe; money. Ambition has an atrocious aspect, and Big Daddy is an achiever in the world of business, but a failure in some other facets. As a human, he has gone wrong by concentrating his small empire upon himself rather than becoming sensitive to the opinions and demands of his family. He acts as though money were his mere value as a man, as evidenced by this; â€Å"Y’know how much I’m worth? Guess Brick! Guess how much I’m worth!† His being a failure in other aspects and a sorrowful character is by itself a form of tragedy (Kolin 122).† A conspicuous battle ensues in Big Daddy as he makes an effort as a father, to m ake advances Brick just as a caring dad goes up to his son, revealing his inmost affection and anxiety. The struggle is betwixt his great affection for his boy and his finding the facts, and the mindset of his miserable upbringing by which the dad was normally a removed and an unreachable figure.Advertising Looking for essay on american literature? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The stage directions of the play hints this; â€Å"glancing quickly, shyly, from time to time, at his son†, â€Å"pressing his head quickly, shyly against his son’s head, then coughing with embarrassment†¦Ã¢â‚¬  this implies that he is embarrassed to display affection, which displays a form of tragedy within himself (Kolin 134). Via the difficulties experienced by Brick and his father to freely converse about the matter, deficiency in message conveyance is exhibited thus resulting to desolation and closing off. The two men continu ously talk while saying nothing of importance and not paying attention to each other at all, as pointed out by Brick’s speech; â€Å"We talk, you talk in circles! We get nowhere, nowhere!† (124) Big Daddy is however determined to converse with his son and he says, â€Å"Don’t let’s- leave it like this, like them other talks we’ve had†¦it’s always like something was left not spoken†. To some extent, the two men are tragic characters. At the earlier stages of the play, there is a family gathering aimed at celebrating the patriarch sixth-fifth birthday of Big Daddy when they barely discover that he had cancer and they start to quarrel and finally had to deal with many other prevarications and hypocrisy in their livings. The destiny of Big Daddy is determined by cancer for which he battles his life against. Meanwhile, Mae and Gooper compete against Maggie for the inheritance that insures economic security in the materialistic society apathetic to the needs of the poor. Big daddy has never made a will and now he is on the brink of dying thus he might end up having inheritance disputes within his family (Kolin 127). The tragedy of existence makes the troubles of Brick to look petty. Brick’s troubles however, are directly associated to the reality that exalted him at one time and he so much adored that he took on its entire preconception. When he had grown old and imperfect, the very world dropped him as a hot brick. At once the reality sickened him, and was displeased for becoming its part, and therefore he set himself apart. Contrariwise, Big Daddy learned to assume the untruthfulness of living, and this hard-boiled and made him misanthropic. Brick attempts to define himself either as homo or heterosexual. Simultaneously, as an idealistic individual, he tries to wage war with a realistic society of America (Kolin 122).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Cat on a Hot Tin Roof specifical ly for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Brick has become unhappy, unemotional, detached and hard to get on with ever since the death of his friend Skipper. He becomes a drunk and nobody, not even Maggie, his wife, could make him happy. He badly misses Skipper and blames himself on what happened to his friend thence sees alcohol as the only remedy to his sorrow. The reason why Brick is very bitter toward life is that he feels there are lies all over in his life which are impossible to get away from. He believes that his wife betrayed him with his closest friend, Skipper. Moreover, everybody was lying about the condition of his father and his family including his brother, are doing all that is possible to make sure that they inherit his father’s fortune after he passes on. With all this occupying his mind, he finds it best to become unemotional and detach himself from his entire family and life. He supposes that if he drinks into oblivion each da y of his life, then it will come to pass or he will have nothing to deal with at the least. From his past happy life, Bricks life turned into hell- it had an unhappy ending which brings in the definition of tragic. Due to him not responding to his friend’s call for help, Skipper died leading to his tragic end (Kolin 122-126). Another victim who suffers tragedy is Maggie, Bricks wife. She is constantly rejected by her husband who is supposed to love and comfort her as a soul mate; therefore she suffers that tragedy of rejection and loneliness. When Maggie complains about the trail that their marriage is taking, Brick coldly tells her to have an outside affair if she so wished to have sexual satisfaction. He goes on to tell her that they only shared a roof because she wanted to and had agreed to do so only in name, â€Å"I don’t have to do anything I don’t want to! Now, you keep forgetting the conditions on which I agreed to stay on living with you.† Such t reatment is inappropriate regarding the reality that they were man and wife; hence Maggie continually suffered silently. Maggie on her part is unwilling to go out and have an affair. She opts to remain â€Å"a cat on a hot tin roof† till her husband appreciates her. While being angry and frustrated with the entire situation, she hopes that her husband would change for the better. She does not seem to matter to Brick at all as he becomes bitter and cold toward her and is amazed that Maggie could actually want to bear child with a man who does not love her (Kolin 123). This is truly a tragedy in that it is an unhappy event in life. Families are perhaps the most difficult to understand in human relationships. In the play, they seem to lend themselves towards tragedy naturally. Tennessee’s family greed tragedy is encountered when the news of Big Daddy’s illness is learned of. Mae and Gooper want to gain Big Daddy’s favor and they aim to achieve this by discre diting Maggie and Brick. They claim that they have five kids with the sixth one on the way while Brick and Maggie do not have any (Kolin 128-130).Advertising Looking for essay on american literature? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More This way, they are trying to impersonate that the estate of Big Daddy will be in good hands with the responsible family members, â€Å"Suspicious of her greedy, prolific relatives who have produced five grandchildren for Big Daddy, she explains to him why they have assembled – to battle over the vast inheritance of the 28,000 acre Mississippi cotton plantation/estate†¦ (131)† The two form a team of public relations, blandishing Big Daddy as they tear down their contenders at every opportunity. They always take caution in maintaining their polite and civilized appearance while betraying Big Daddy’s back. Doctor Baugh and Reverend Tooker also portray the same traits as Mae and Gooper while hoping to be included in the will (Kolin 122). The characters’ stories in the play is in reality a mere means through which Tennessee delivers his message and captures the volatile depth of feelings experienced by groups of people during times of crises. Tragedy, bas ically defined as an unhappy ending of an event or a sorrowful character with a disastrous conclusion, has been dealt with by Tennessee in his play. The discussed fateful events can be summarized as; the rich Big Daddy who is now facing a terminal illness and a broken family, Brick who once valued and enjoyed life but has turned to an alcoholic due to his friend’s death, Maggie who hopes to be loved and treated well by her husband but all is in vain, and finally Mae and Gooper who hope to acquire the inheritance. They have been pushed to battle for the inheritance by their economic situation, thus it is unfortunate that they do not possess enough wealth given the fact that they have many children. Conclusively, the Cat on a Hot Tin Roof is indeed a play filled with tragedy. Works Cited Williams, Tennessee. Tennessee Williams: A Guide to Research and Performance. Trans. Philip Kolin. Greenwood Publishing Group, 1998. Print This essay on Cat on a Hot Tin Roof was written and submitted by user Wyatt Gibson to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here. Cat on a Hot Tin Roof The fundamentals of the play While discussing Tennessee Williams’s play Cat on a Hot Tin Roof, I would like to highlight some fundamentals of the author’s work. First of all, I would like to point out that at the first time the play seems to be easy to read; however, it is only the first impression. Generally, there are a lot of complicated themes the author discloses in the play.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Cat on a Hot Tin Roof specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In my opinion, all the works written by Tennessee Williams reflect some biographical data. For instance, everybody knows that the playwright’s father was an adventurous and an alcoholic, and his mother was a submissive, but hysterical woman. So, how these facts can be interpreted? First of all, I have to admit that these data have direct relation to the plot of the play. While reading Cat on a Hot Tin Roof, it becomes obvious that one of the main characters, Brick was an alcoholic. When speaking about the author’s relations with his mother, one can make a conclusion that feminist aspects must be considered in depth. Of course, nobody will deny the fact that the play is based on the author’s personal experience. The author reflected his inner world and the feelings he experienced when being a child. The thesis statement The major themes the author discloses in his plays are related to sexual violence, family and financial constraints. When speaking about Cat on a Hot Tin Roof, one is to keep in mind that the key aspects Tennessee Williams highlights are associated with â€Å"undertones of emotional, sexual, and spiritual need that are apparent in his character Maggie the Cat† (Fellows 1). The basic points of an analysis According to the plot of the play, Brick doesn’t support any relations with his wife; this point gives us an opportunity to suppose that lack of desire by husband a nd Maggie’s social standing can be explained by the time period in which Tennessee Williams’s play was written. To my mind, one of the key themes of the play is considered to be absence of mutual respect and support.  Ã¢â‚¬Å"It is obvious throughout the script of the play that everyone has their own agenda in the family, and no one is really there to support each other as a normal family should be† (â€Å"Cat On a Hot Tin Roof: Plot and Theme† par. 3). The first family, which includes Brick and Margaret, is not rich; moreover, Brick aggravates financial situation in his family. The second family, which includes Gooper and Mae, is selfish. The most interesting fact, however, is that nobody wants to become a real family. Nobody understands what the term unity means and how important this word for both families.Advertising Looking for essay on american literature? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More On th e other hand, it seems that the author added some elements of humor in his play. Thus, it is really funny to observe how hostile all characters are. Although, it seems that Tennessee Williams’s humor was not healthy, unfortunately†¦The fact that all characters are against each other is not comical, anyway. In Cat, Maggie probably does love Brick, Big Mama probably does love Big Daddy, and Brick loves Skipper and Big Daddy as surely as they have loved him. Yet the lies separating those who would love are not easily vanquished. In this web of familial, fraternal and marital relationships, Williams finds only psychic ruin, as terminal as Big Daddy’s cancer and as inexorable as the greed that is devouring the romantic Old South (Crandell 124).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Cat on a Hot Tin Roof specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In my opinion, it is uncertainty in family relationships which brough t fatal consequences. On the other hand, it is not a secret that psychological support is one of the most important things people need to be happy. In spite of the fact that Gooper and Mae were selfish for the wealth and had established jobs they were not happy. They had normal home setting; however, they lost the most important thing in family relations – they didn’t respect the strongest feeling in the world. On the contrary, they didn’t understand what they lost and what their real trouble was. Another important theme of the play I would like to touch on is homosexuality. Taking into account the time period in which the play was written (1955), one can suppose that the second theme seems to be hidden. On the one hand, there is nothing unusual that Brick and Skipper were best friends. However, one is to keep in mind that they were extremely close friends and Brick’s wife became jealous because of such friendship. â€Å"It is obvious Brick does not appr eciate the devotion of Maggie. He is in a state of denial about life (and his possible sexual orientation and attraction to Skipper) and has degraded Maggie since the beginning of the relationship† (Fellows 1). So, again feminist aspect takes place. There many critical articles concerning the play Cat On a Hot Tin Roof. In my opinion, the author reflects the conflict of the personality; so, a person’s inner problems and isolations caused unstable family relations. Thus, there is a need to remember the author’s childhood and the time period when he acquired poor social skills and most of his peers referred to him as ‘Miss Nancy’ (Londre 20). The conclusion Unfortunately, the driving force the main characters rely on is recognized to be some kind of lie. For instance, Mae and Gooper who are selfish for wealth lie not only to each other, but to other people who surround them. Of course, their lie is related to their affection for Big Mama’s husba nd. Moreover, it is evident that they neglect the fact that Big Daddy hates all their children and doesn’t like Gooper. On the other hand, Big Daddy can’t understand the basic reasons of the so-called pretence. Taking into account the previous paragraph, I suppose that another important theme of the author’s play is considered to be the conflict between honesty and lie. This is a global theme, and in some way, one can call the theme unique, as it existed at all times.Advertising Looking for essay on american literature? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Generally, I think Tennessee Williams is really a psychologist. He reveals the truth, the brutal reality and discloses helplessness of other characters. Let’s consider one of the examples: BIG MAMA: You don’t mean that! BIG DADDY: What makes you think I don’t mean it? BIG MAMA: I just know you don’t mean it. BIG DADDY: You don’t know a goddam thing and you never did! BIG MAMA: Big Daddy, you don’t mean that (Williams 77). This dialogue shows us that Big Daddy’s wife has no arguments to prove her thoughts or ideas. She doesn’t want to accept her husband’s brutality and denies his words. All the characters do the same; unfortunately, they can’t be honest and destroy their lives with their own hands. Works Cited â€Å"Cat On a Hot Tin Roof: Plot and Theme.† The Pennsylvania State University. Web. Crandell, George W., ed. The Critical Response to Tennessee Williams. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press, 1996. Questia. Web. Fellows, Niki. Feminist Analysis of â€Å"Cat on a Hot Tin Roof†, n.d. Web. Londre, Hardison. Tennessee Williams. New York: Frederick Ungar Publishers, 1979. Print Williams, Tennessee. Cat on a Hot Tin Roof. New York: Penguin Putnam Inc., 1955. Print This essay on Cat on a Hot Tin Roof was written and submitted by user Gianna Rosales to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Just Stop It Essays - Fashion, Nike, Inc., Project Nike, Free Essays

Just Stop It Essays - Fashion, Nike, Inc., Project Nike, Free Essays Just Stop It ?Just Stop It?, an insult directed towards Nikes? classic ad, Just Do It. The insults and the questions all began at the demise of Nike?s Corporate Image. For a long time Nike was considered a conscientious company who had honest concern for their global cohorts. Nike is truly a global company with affiliations world wide,. The company has approximately 350 contract factories in thirty three countries employing nearly 5,000,000 people. The leading producers of Nike Product are : Indonesia, China, South Korea, Vietnam and the United States. To, date Nike has only come under fire for the Asian Factories, specifically Vietnam, China and Indonesia. The primary products produced in these countries are shoes. Nike uses labor in Asia because, ? The industry has its roots in this region due to a number of factors, including access to raw materials, high levels of expertise and quality and cost of labor.? the company has had relations from the very beginning with subcontractors in Asia. The r eason for this was that the prospect of using asian labor promised to be much cheaper and more effective then if the shoes were manufactured in the United States. Because of this long lasting relationship Nike has had with different asian subcontractors, consumers assumed that the company was treating their workers well and providing them with a safe, clean work environment. We were wrong. In the 1980?s Nike manufactured their products primarily in Taiwan and Korea, but recently in that past five years, manufacturing plants have moved at an alarming rate to countries like, Indonesia, china, and Vietnam. The reason for this sudden move, was that the economies of both Taiwan and Korea were growing at a rapid rate. Global investors were establishing plants their on a frequent basis , while the locals were benefiting from all the work and extra money plummeting into their market place. These countries benefited by growing at a rapid rate both economically and socially. The workers began to expect more money for their work, thus big companies like Nike, moved out. Nike primary reason for manufacturing their shoes and accessories in countries like Taiwan and Korea was so that they could utilize the low production cost and make a vast profit selling the final product. Nike had no loyalty to these workers nor the countries, so they simply picked up their stuff and moved to ano ther country where laws were lenient, labor was plentiful and production was cheap. Nike does not own any of the factories that produce its products in Asia, and they do not directly employ any of the factory workers or the management. They contract out work to factories that make all of the product and run all of the factories. The reason that Nike operates this way, is because by contracting out their manufacturing the company is less ?responsible? and liable for whatever goes on in the manufacturing facility. Nike states the price that the company is willing to pay per shoe to be made and the subcontractor, once they agree to the deal is responsible for manufacturing the quoted number of shoes for the stated price. A second reason as to why Nike contracts out its manufacturing jobs, is because of the constantly changing styles of shoes. Consumers tastes and preferences change so rapidly that the manufacturing companies don?t have time to finish producing one style before an order for another style comes in. The factory managers are the ones that are creating the harsh working environments and the unreasonable hours. However, Nike, because of the amount of work they provide these manufcaturing companies with, have a huge influence on how these manufacturing plants operates. To ensure good labor practices Nike has a code of conduct that every subcontractor must agree to adhere to in order to get the contract finalized with Nike. If the Code of Conduct was an actually working model then it would have insured the workers a safe working environment, reasonable pay and reasonable hours and would have protected them from mistreatment and discrimination. However since the majority of the Nike workers are completely unaware that the company even has something like the code of conduct, they are unable to defend themselves

Sussmayrs and Maunders Editions of Mozarts Requiem Essay

Sussmayrs and Maunders Editions of Mozarts Requiem - Essay Example It is reported that Mozart’s Requiem mass was assigned by Count Walsegg to Mozart in the memory of his wife in early 1791. Mozart started his work on this classical work in the fall of 1791, during this work he suffered from fever and died without completing his requiem (Levin et al., 2008). According to Grout, Burkholder and Palisca (2005), the requiem Aeternam, figured bass, choral, and several essential instrumental components of first 8 measures of Lacrimosa; Domine Jesu Christ as well as Hostias were at the initial stages. It was Franz Xaver Sussmayr, who was working with Mozart at that time, who completed the incomplete Mozart’s Requiem. From definition, a requiem refers to the mass for the dead as the first line of the introit says, â€Å"Eternal rest grant them, O Lord† (Mozart, 1998). There are different editions of Mozart’s Requiem and all are dissimilar from each other. There is controversy on the script and structure of different editions. However, it is very evident that it was written in 1791 in ‘Requiem in D minor, K. 626’ by Mozart and was the last as well as best recognized and the most impressive composition of his life (Harrison, 1997). Its music was a classical addition to western music and its complicated compositional history. The recent studies reveal that the aeternam was also added with some orchestral bars by another composer. Kyrie and Dies Irae to Confutatis were in the form of vocal parts at the death of Mozart. Moreover, some of the most well-known orchestral parts were also indicated by him, example of the orchestral contribution from Mozart include violin element of Confutatis and melodious links in the Recordare (Leeson, 2004). During twentieth century, many musicologists pointed out several weaknesses in the traditional edition of Mozart’s Requiem which was accomplished by Sussmayr. Therefore, they offered alternative editions of the Requiem. After the traditional edition, five other editions of Mozart’s work have been represented by Beyer, Druce, Maunder, Landon and Levin. Every one of these musicologists completed the Requiem by following a different approach. Beyer presented an edition that offered revisions of Sussmayr’s orchestration and claimed to make them more familiar to Mozart’s style. On the other hand, Maunder’s edition agreed with the orchestral parts of Sussmayr’s edition but decided to retain the Agnus Dei when he discovered an exclusive phrase in Sparrow Mass, K. 220 (Davies, 2004). The next section gives detailed overview of the two editions of Mozart’s Requiem, the traditional edition of accomplished by Sussmayr and Maunder’s edition, assessment of the resources and their mutual relationship be discussed. An investigation in to the sources of Sussmayr’s and Maunder’s Editions of Mozart’s Requiem and their relationship to each other Wolff and Whittall (1998) described the tradition edition of Requiem completed by Sussmayr. They expressed a strong belief in the authenticity and originality of this score. It is the only score that must be protected as the most existing, chronological,

Mel Gibson's Brave heart Movie Review Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Mel Gibson's Brave heart - Movie Review Example Though special effects somewhat gives the sensation but unless and until a good direction and camera are co-operating, everything turns to be a flaw. One simple instance can justify this statement and that is character movement. If a character walks away in a room, camera must be moved or positioned to frame his movements adequately. If it's a scene where one wants to show the whole image of a ship or a building then aerial shot is preferred where track won't serve the purpose. Aerial shots are done with crane or helicopter. A minute mistake during camera can lead into wrong understandings. If there is a shot where person is getting surprised and it is taken as either long or mid shot then the actual feeling of astonishment may not be clear in frames. Camera usages stand a very important tool in one movie making. Braveheart (1995) is a movie which shows an excellent art of direction and camera that gave it to the honor of five Academy Awards in the 68th Academy Awards ceremony, inclu ding the Academy Award for Best Picture and Best Director. It's the camera and only the camera which can take one movie either to Oscar platform or out of its market. Camera operators need good eyesight, artistic ability, and hand-eye coordination. They should be patient, accurate, and detail oriented. Camera operators also should have the ability to hold a camera by hand for extended periods. Braveheart is the partly historical, partly mythological, story of William Wallace, a Scottish common man who fights for his country's freedom from English rule around the end of the 13th century. Braveheart: An Example of Creativity For one film, the starting and ending shots are two important aspects. As "first impression is the last impression", first scene of movie is very important to generate interest into viewers' minds. It tells about the movie basic, means its category whereas ending scene should summarize the whole story into a single scene. If it starts with murder or attempting to murder scene that means movie is more likely of thriller type. Braveheart starts with the natural views: high hills and dense forests; camera was done from helicopter and using crane. If it was not done so then it would be impossible for someone to get the feeling in depth. This is giving a message that it's a movie related to the lifestyle of people during ancient times and warlike nature. Story begins with a little boy William, who grows up and later becomes the central character of the story. In his childhood he lost his father and only brother. The art behind the camera can be explained by few examples. In one situation William was alone and no one was there with him except one little girl. In the shot it was shown by placing the boy alone and crying, before him his father was being buried by someone else and other villagers were leaving the place except one little girl, with her face turning towards William. All these emotions were captured into a single time shot. A good director is one who can express most of the ideas in least amount of time without losing its interest upon the audiences. Instead of doing in a single one if multiple slots were taken, frame might have lost its natural rhythm. After that, boy got a company from his

Domestic Violence Against Men | Challenges and Solutions

Domestic Violence Against Men | Challenges and Solutions Social Sciences theory for social work Abused Men in Hong Kong:  A need to build a men’s refugee? Kwok Lai Wun Introduction When we talk about domestic violence, it is common that we will think that the abuser is man and the abused one must be woman, but is it the only pattern in reality? Is there any chance for men abused by their partners or family? In fact, there are some news reports that the men victim in domestic violence in Hong Kong has been risen, however, there are limit service provided for them and there are no any confidential accommodation e.g. refugees, to protect their safety. Contrast to men’s situation, in Hong Kong, there are four woman refugee (organized by Po Leung Kuk, Christian Family Service Centre and Harmony house), one family crisis support center by Caritas and one family crisis intervention center (CEASE) by Tung Wah Group of hospitals provided vacancy for abused woman and their child, only two of which provide vacancy for male victims, but none of which are for male only, the one organized by Caritas is public in address, all people can find out their details though website or SWD, so it may have the chance that abuser will come to find the victims and not safety at all. The other one (CEASE) which is a shelter that for different type of people, including abused man and woman. So, in Hong Kong there is no specific shelter or refuge design for men only to provide a confidential short-term accommodation for them and focus on men victim’s needs. If you are men who were abused by your partners or family, where can you go and what so cial service that Hong Kong can provide to you? In this paper, we will have a look on abused man in Hong Kong and is there any need to have a refuge for them will be discussed. What is domestic violence? Domestic violence is violence that takes place within an intimate relationship and family members. Mostly abuser see themselves as the superior one and they will using their power to control other family members or intimate. There are different medium to abuse others, commonly is physical abuse, besides, there are psychological, sexual, financial control, social isolation and emotional abuse. (Po Leung Kuk, Woman Refugee) In 2010, our government had revised the law to â€Å"Domestic and Cohabitation Relationships Violence Ordinance† which provides civil remedies for victims of family violence. The law stated that â€Å"Spouses or former spouses, heterosexual cohabitants or former heterosexual cohabitants, same-sex cohabitants or former same-sex cohabitants, and other immediate and extended family members can apply to the court for an order against molestation by the other party.† Thus, domestic violence can be appear in both men and women and it is a criminal offence and offenders may be prosecuted. Study of Men and Women using violence It is common that when we discuss domestic violence, we will pop up the image a â€Å"strong† men beaten a â€Å"weak† women, however from the study by Steinmetz (1997a,b,c) found that both men and women may use physical to abuse each other’s in martial conflict, and the percentage was similar, details were below: Study of 54 couples Male Female Thrown objects 39% 31% Pushed or shoved their partners 31% 32% Hit their partners 20% 20% Hit others with an object 10% 10% Study of 52 Canadian college students Male Female Thrown objects 21% 21% Pushed or shoved their partners 17% 13% Hit their partners 13% 13% Hit others with an object 10% 12% Study of 94 randomly selected people Male Female Thrown objects 31% 25% Pushed or shoved their partners 22% 18% Hit their partners 17% 12% Hit others with an object 12% 14% From the three study take part in different place and people, we can see that both men and women react similar to use violence in solving their conflict in marital, especially in the part of â€Å"hit their partners and using object to hit others†, therefore woman also have potential to commit acts of violence in certain circumstances. The study from Steinmetz mainly focused on the medium of using physical to abuse, however, as mentioned before, medium of abused not only in physical but also others types. Current situation in Hong Kong and Others Countries Hong Kong The report of Harmony House state that in recent year, there are risen of abused men case, most of them aged between twenty to twenty four which is 30% of the total case and it rise almost 60% in one year (Oriental Daily, 2013). From their experience, most of their call said that their wives or girlfriend not only physical abuse them, such as kick them and using fingernail to scratches them, women also using psychological abuse towards men, such as ignore their feeling, do not talk with him, using some foul language to abuse him and lower their value at home, sometimes they may urge their husband to watch lust film and make sex to prevent him go out to find the other girls, moreover they may ask for prohibit male to go out with friends and ask him to call home every 5 minutes. Even worst, woman may use the child to threaten the man. Some of the abused men (Apple daily, 2014) (ShingPao, 2014) In addition, social worker Wu Yi Ling from Harmony House said that in the statistic from police between 2011 to 2012, there are 500 married man were experienced in domestic violence, also, statistic from SWD in 2013 also show that there are 692 men were experienced in domestic violence which take 2% of the total domestic violence in Hong Kong, compare to 2012, it increased about 60%. Ms Wu also guess that this is only a few of abused men in Hong Kong since most of them have many hesitation to speak out, seek help and their awareness of domestic violence are weak that they do not think they were abused by their wives or girlfriends. Moreover, from their hotline experience, some cases do not ask for help because they want to maintain the complete family for their child and do not want their child get harm. It shows that men may have some fear from their wife but they can’t find anyplace that can provide them a safety environment to let them take care their children and avoid found by their wife. Actually in the past there is one men refuge in Hong Kong, however in 2005 it was closed. According to the news from oriental daily (2005), the only men refugee in Hong Kong cannot sustain their service since government stop renting the hostel to the organization and they need to use some container located at the farms for chicken as a temp address of the refugees, however the hygiene condition was not satisfy, so the 16 clients should be discharge and some of them may become homeless. Moreover, they criticized that government have gender stereotype in building refugee. From the above discussion, we can see that more and more cases of men suffer in domestic violence were discovered but it is common that they don’t seek help themselves. Although there are some Men’s hotlines provides by SWD, Caritas, Po Leung Kuk and Harmony House and even some group for them but there are no short-term confidential accommodation for them to had protect and men focused counseling service which they may need. Others Countries Similar to Hong Kong, according to the news from the Observer (2010), About two in five of all victims of domestic violence are men, contradicting the widespread impression that it is almost always women who are left battered and bruised. The charitys analysis of statistics on domestic violence shows the number of men attacked by wives or girlfriends is much higher than thought. Its report, Domestic violence mostly sees as a female victim or male perpetrator problem, but from the statistic by Parity show that this is not true. They also said that that men assaulted by their partners are are almost invisible to the authorities such as the police and being ignored, since there are fewer refuges to flee men than women. Moreover, it is largely overlooked by the public or media, in official reports and in government policy, for example in the provision of refuge places in England and Wales are 7,500 for females but only 60 for men. Palmatier (2013) also stated that in the United States, t here is only one shelter for male victims while approximately 1,800 shelters to women and their children. In Canada, there also a domestic violence shelter for men that was run by the late Earl Silverman. It seems that not only Hong Kong, but also others country underestimate the problems of abused men. The reason that the public does not aware the problems and the men do not recognize it may have different reason. Reason that Men doesn’t seek help by social constructs theory The basic assumptions of social constructionism, as described by Crawford Popp (2004) are: (1) Social constructionist focuses on how meaning is created. They suggest that knowledge is an â€Å"account of reality produced collaboratively by a community of knower; knowledge is not only a social product, but a product of a specifically situated society (2) Social construct the power and hierarchy in the society, it shows the result that how one’s differ in status, entitlement, efficacy, self-respect and other traits based on the interactions one is involved in and subjected to. (3) Social construction is a dynamic process. Social constructionists emphasize the complexity of how knowledge is created in social interactions. Knowledge and meanings are not stable or constant; they are co-constructed in interactions with others, negotiated, modified and shifted. People are active in their perception, understanding and sharing of knowledge acquired from their social milieu. It is prudent therefore to consider this process when explaining the social construction of knowledge, including knowledge concerning gender. (4) The individual and society are indissoluble. Social constructionists believed that individuals can create meaning only in relation to what they are exposed to their environment. Paradoxically, the same individuals co-create the meanings that are available in this environment. From the perspective of social construct theory, an individual belief and knowledge are constructed by the social, thus the gender identity is a socially constructed any may vary over time for an individual, it is not a stable, fixed trait. For example, me, I had a belief that I am a girl, and I behave like a â€Å"girl should be† to match the society mainstream value, if not I may be the one that violate the mainstream value and may not accept by the others. Therefore, our gender role are social construct female and male to femininity and masculinity. Each society has a set of expectations, stereotypes and assumptions about what it is to be a man. These can be taken as forming a set of standards regarding what one needs to be and do in order to be a man. For the men situation in Hong Kong, since we are a traditional Chinese society, we belief in some tradition Chinese concept that â€Å"Men are breadwinners while women are housewives Men don’t cry easily not airing ones dirty laundry in public†, those traditional theory construct that the image of men should be strong, cannot ask for help easily and they always as the autonomy role in a family. As we can judged by what we do as a man or as a woman, so that it is common that men believed in those value and do what the gender should be, act to conform to stereotypical gender roles and it is the active engagement in any behavior that is gendered, or behavior that may be evaluated as gendered, for example, when they abused by their wives or girlfriend, they may not reco gnize it is a problem, even they recognize it, to avoid violate the mainstream value and being isolated, they may shame to share with others and only tolerate it. Not only the abused men social constructed their gender role, the public also encourage them to performance in certain way and they should behave like this. For example, daily TV programs, the mainstream media report, advertisement, etc. From the news report by Observer (2010) Men’s rights campaign group Parity’s staff Mays said that Culturally its difficult for men to bring these incidents to the attention of the authorities. Men are reluctant to say that theyve been abused by women, because its seen as unmanly and weak.† Alex Neil from The housing and communities’ minister in the Scottish parliament also said that Both men and women can be victims and we know that men feel under immense pressure to keep up the pretense that everything is OK, Domestic abuse against a man is just as abhorrent as when a woman is the victim. There is common experience share by abused men, and it may the reason that why men have hesitation to seek help from others. Limitation to having a men refuge Although the abused men cases had risen and it is a need to have a men refuge for them, however there are some limitation to urge the men to seek help since they accept the social norms constructed by social and they don’t dare to break the norms so that it is hard for the organization encourage them to be initiative to seek support in the public, for example, Miss Hardie (Daily Mail Report, 2009) said â€Å"There is still a very strong stigma attached to men who say they have been the victims of domestic violence. Most of our referrals will only have decided to come forward after being taken to hospital.† The situation may be similar in Hong Kong, since there are limit case were found in public and the stigma to men were strong too. It may take several years to educate the public and arise their awareness on men’s victim in domestic violence. Conclusion To conclude, research focused on abused men is limit, it seems that it is not a controversial topic over the world, however, the cases of abused men in Hong Kong or others countries has risen in recent years, it may be a signal for us to pay attention the need of them and arise the public awareness to the problems of men victim in domestic violence. Although there are some limitation that men may not take initial to use the service of refuge immediately, but similar to women refuge, though education and promote a new value to public via media or government promotion though the value of â€Å"gender mainstreaming† in their advertisement or on policy to strive for gender equality may reduce the stigma attached to men, and therefore may have a new social constructed gender role to men. So I think whatever the usage rate of the refugee, there is a need to provide a place and focused counseling service for male victim in domestic violence. References Campbell, Denis (2010, Sep 5). More than 40% of domestic violence victims are male,  report reveals. The Observer. Retrieved from  http://www.theguardian.com/society/2010/sep/05/men-victims-domestic-violence   First refuges for battered husbands offer support to male victims (2009, Feb 16). Daily  Mail Reporter. Retrieved form  http://www.dailymail.co.uk/femail/article-1146783/First-refuges-battered-husbands-offer-support-male-victims.html   Gender equality, Wife battered men more than 500 cases a year, estimate that is just a tip  of the iceberg (2014, Feb 17). Apple Daily. Retrieved from  http://hk.apple.nextmedia.com/news/art/20140217/18627552 Hong Kong Ordinances. (2009). CAP 189 Domestic and cohabitation relationships  violence ordinance. Retrieved from  www.hklii.hk/eng/hk/legis/ord/189/ Marecek, J., Crawford, M., Popp, D. (2004). On the Construction of Gender, Sex, and  Sexualities. In A.H. Eagly, A.E. Beall, R.J. Sternberg (Eds.), The Psychology of Gender (pp. 192-216). New York: Guilford Press. Men refuge will close today (2005, May 5). Oriental Daily. Retrieved from  http://orientaldaily.on.cc/archive/20050505/new/new_a82cnt.html Palmatier, Tara J. (2013, Oct 1). Domestic Violence Awareness Month: The Invisible Victims. A Voice for Men.com. Retrieved from  http://www.avoiceformen.com/mens-rights/activism/domestic-violence-awareness-month-the-invisible-victims/ Searchlights: Aggressive, Jealous, Out of Control, Male cannot do anything (2013, Nov  5). Oriental Daily. Retrieved from  http://orientaldaily.on.cc/cnt/news/20131105/00176_126.html See-Fung, Liu (2014, July 13). Men also battered by women, abused not only for female.  Singpao. Retrieved from  http://www.singpao.com/xw/yw/201407/t20140713_518068.html Steinmetz, Suzanne K. (1977a). Cycle of Violence: Assertive, Aggressive and Abusive  Family Interactions. New York: Praeger. Steinmetz, Suzanne K. (1977b). The Battered Husband Syndrome. Vol. 2 (3-4), pp. 501–503. USA. Steinmetz, Suzanne K. (1977c). The Use of Force for Resolving Family Conflict: The  Training Ground for Abuse. The Family Coordinator. Vol. 26 (1), pp. 19–26. doi:10.2307/581856. Yuen-Nam, Chan (2013, Nov 5). Searchlights: Hong Kong female abuse male partner getting younger. Oriental Daily. Retrieved from  http://orientaldaily.on.cc/cnt/news/20131105/00176_125.html Properties of Iron: An Introduction Properties of Iron: An Introduction LIYI WEN Iron Physical properties Iron is a silvery-white or light gray metallic. It is ductile and malleable. Toughness is the ability to be involved in the thread. Scalability is the ability to be hammered into thin sheets. It is naturally present in only three of a magnetic element. The other two are nickel and cobalt Iron having high tensile strength. Stretching device, which can be stretched without breaking. Iron is also very feasible. Operability is the ability to bend, roll, hammer, cut, shape, form, or else with the work is to make a metal to a desired shape or thickness. The melting point of pure iron is 1536 à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã†â€™ (2,797  ° F), its boiling point is about 3000 à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã†â€™ (5400  ° F). Its density is 7.87 grams per cubic centimeter. Other physical properties of the melting point, boiling point, iron and steel alloys may differ. http://www.alibaba.com/product-detail/zinc-thin-steel-sheet-galvanized-roofing_450540055.html Classification: Transition Metal The position on the periodic table: Iron is the 26th element on the periodic table. It is located in period 4 and group 8. Electron shell configuration: 2, 8,14,2 à £Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ 3à £Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Ëœhttp://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Electron_shell_026_Iron.svg Background Iron is one of Earths most common elements. Nearly every construction of man contains at least a little iron. It is also one of the oldest metals, and at least 3,500 years ago, was first shaped into useful and decorative objects. Ferrite is a soft, white metal. Although iron is a common element, iron is almost never found in nature. The only pure iron known to exist naturally comes from fallen meteorites. Most iron is made of iron and other elements combine to form a mineral discovery. Iron oxides are the most common. In those minerals near the surface of the earth, with the highest in the commercial exploitation of iron ore and iron content is known. Iron ore is converted by multiple processes for all types of iron. The most commonly used process is the use of blast furnace to produce pig iron, iron and about 92-94% carbon 3-5% with a small amount of other elements. Iron has only limited use, and most of the iron into steel current where it is added to further reduce the carbon content and other elements, such as manganese, nickel, steel get into the unique properties of various steel alloys. à £Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ 4à £Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Ëœhttp://tabbiestravels.blogspot.com.au/2013/03/sloss-furnaces-in-birmingham-al.html History Historians believe that the Egyptians were the first people with small amounts of iron, about five or six thousand years ago to work. They apparently used a metal extracted from meteorites. What is considered the iron mining and smelting point, the evidence in the first example of ancient Hittite culture is now Turkey’s. Because iron is used in the manufacture of weapons and tools far superior than any other known metallic materials, their production is a closely guarded secret. However, the basic technique is simple, the use of iron and gradually spread. For example, because it is useful for comparison with other materials, iron has disadvantages. Quality tools made à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ ¹Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ ¹from it are highly variable, depending on the ore is taken from, and the method for extracting iron area. In particular, the importance of the carbon and metal hardness; chemically change to occur in the extraction process is not understood in. Practices vary greatly in different regions of the world. There is evidence, for example, Chinese people can melt very early iron tools, and amazing accomplishments of a small amount of steel production in Japan, as evidenced by the heirloom sword dating back centuries. A similar breakthrough in the Middle East and in India, but the process has never appeared in other parts of the world. For centuries, Europeans lack methods, iron heated to the melting point of all. Production of iron ore and wood they burn slowly in a clay -lined oven. Iron separated from the surrounding rock, but never completely melted. Instead, it forms a hard shell of slag removal hammer. This repeated process of heating and hammering iron oxide mixed with oxygen to produce iron and carbon is removed from the metal. The result was nearly pure iron, easily shaped with hammers and tongs but too soft to take and keep a good edge. Because the metal is shaped, or forged, by hammering, it came to be known as wrought iron. Tools and weapons ba ck to Europe from the East that has been cast into the shape of iron speak. Retain more carbon, iron harder than wrought iron, will hold a frontier. However, it is more brittle than wrought iron. Eastern Europe fixers know better iron, but do not participate in shaping a stronger ironwork process. Entire nations launched efforts to discover the process. The first known European breakthrough in the production of cast iron , which quickly led to the first practical steel, did not come until 1740 , in this year , the melting point of the material Benjamin Huntsman took out a patent for the production of steel springs to use the watch manufacturer . In the next 20 years or so, the process becomes more widely adopted. Huntsman is used to melt iron in the blast furnace of clay crucible. He then carefully added value measurements of pure carbon to molten metal. The resulting alloy is both strong and flexible, when cast into a spring. Since Huntsman initially only interested in making a bet ter clock, his crucible steel led directly to the marine chronometer, which in turn makes the development of a global navigation to determine their east / west position by allowing the sailors accurately. In fact, he also invented the modern metallurgy is a side effect, he apparently did not notice. à £Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ 5à £Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Ëœhttp://www.rosssea.info/meteorites.html A detailed description of the historical use of the iron metal and the iron metal on society: Iron objects have been found in Egypt dating from around 3500 BC. They contain about 7.5% nickel, which indicates that they were of meteoric origin. Asia Minor, todays Turkey, the ancient Hittites, were the first to smelt iron from its ores around 1500 BC and this new, stronger, metal gave them economic and political power. Iron age began. Certain types of iron, it is obviously better than others depending on the carbon content, although this is not realized. Some ore containing vanadium production called Damascus steel, ideal sword. The first person to explain the various types of iron was Renà © Antoine Ferchault de Rà ©aumur who wrote a book on the subject in 1722. This explained how steel, wrought iron, and cast iron, were to be distinguished by the amount of charcoal (carbon) they contained. The Industrial Revolution which began that same century relied extensively on this metal. à £Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ 6à £Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Ëœhttp://eofdreams.com/sword.html Extraction Iron ore has undergone several stages between the final product and steel. In the first stage, iron ore, limestone and coke is heated (pure carbon) in a blast furnace. Blast is a very large oven temperature can reach 1500 à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã†â€™ (2700  ° F). Removed in blast furnaces, coke oxygen from iron ore: Removing iron impurities limestone. Iron produced by this method is about 91-92% pure. The main impurities are left from the coke used in the furnace. This form is called pig iron. Pig iron is usually too brittle (it breaks too easily) to use in most products. Most scientists believe that the Earths core consists of a lot of iron. Many methods have been developed for the purification of iron. Common method used today is known as the basic oxygen process. In this process, molten pig iron in a large oven. Then pure oxygen gas is blown through the molten pig iron. Oxygen to burn more carbon in the iron: Though now obsolete, once the main source of heat iron stove for families, as well as the means for cooking. A small amount of carbon remains in the iron. The iron produced in this reaction is known as steel. The term steel actually refers to a wide variety of products. The various forms of steel all contain iron and carbon. They also contain one or more other elements, such as silicon, titanium, vanadium, chromium, manganese, cobalt, nickel, zirconium, molybdenum, and tungsten. Two other steel-like products are cast iron and wrought iron. Cast iron is an alloy of iron, carbon and silicon. Wrought iron contains iron and any one or more of many other elements. In general, however, tends to contain little wrought carbon. à £Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ 7à £Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ËœBlast Furnace à £Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ 8à £Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ËœIron à £Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ 9à £Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Ëœiron ore à £Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ 10à £Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ËœSteel [7] http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/british/victorians/launch_ani_blast_furnace.shtml [8] http://images-of-elements.com/iron.php [9] http://www.indiamart.com/whitehawk-online-services/products.html [10] http://www.triamericasteel.com/ Isolation Isolation: It usually does not require laboratory with iron, because it is possible to buy. A small amount of pure iron can be performed by purification of crude iron with carbon monoxide. In this process, the middle is iron pentacarbonyl, Fe (CO) 5. Carbonyl decomposed by heating to about 250 à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã†â€™, to form a pure iron powder. Fe + CO → Fe(CO)5 (250 °C) → Fe + 5CO The Fe(CO)5 is a volatile oily complex which is easily flushed from the reaction vessel leaving the impurities behind. Other routes to small samples of pure iron include the reduction of iron oxide, Fe2O3, with hydrogen, H2. Almost all of the iron used in the commercial production of iron and steel industry, with a blast furnace. Most chemistry textbooks covered the blast furnace process. In essence, iron oxide, iron oxide, and reduce the carbon (coke), although the actual reducing agent may be in a furnace carbon monoxide, CO. 2Fe2O3 + 3C → 4Fe + 3CO2 This process is one of the most significant industrial processes in history and the origins of the modern process are traceable back to a small town called Coalbrookdale in Shropshire (England) around the year 1773. http://www.e-fab.com.au/post_category-articles_item-global%20crude%20steel%20production%20the%20numbers%20tell%20the%20story.html The effect of iron on society: Transportation: boats, planes, cars, buses and motorcycles. †¦.. Military equipment: guns, artillery and tanks†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ Household items: knives, pots and hangers†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. Appliances: microwave ovens, refrigerators, air conditioners, washing machines water heaters and computers†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. Buildings: Sydney Harbour Bridge and the Eiffel Tower†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. Alloy: A hard, brittle, nonmalleable iron-carbon alloy, cast into to shape, containing 2 to 4.5 percent carbon, 0.5 to 3 percent silicon, and lesser amounts of sulphur, manganese, and phosphorus. Color Density 1260 2300 Grey 6800 7800kg/m3 3600 6512 Black 2.26 g/cm3 1420 2599 Gray 2.33 g/cm3 1260 2300 Silver 1.738 g/cm3 1530 2786 Gray 7.874 g/cm3 [11] = [12] + [13]+[14] + [11]Cast iron: www.indiamart.com250 [12] Iron: http://images-of-elements.com/iron.php [13] Carbon: http://www.e-reful.com/products/pr_pic_836.html [14] Silicon: www.indiamart.com [15] magnesium: http://alphachemicals.com/magnesium_chips___large Time line of iron References: Physical properties: Chemistry Explained-iron- Powered by JRank http://www.chemistryexplained.com/elements/C-K/Iron.html http://www.chemicalelements.com/groups/transition.html The position on the periodic table: http://chemistry.about.com/od/iron/ss/Where-Is-Iron-Found-On-The-Periodic-Table.htm . http://www.chemistry.patentinvent.com/chemistry/electron_configuration.html Historical account: How Products Are Made-Iron http://www.madehow.com/Volume-2/Iron.html ROYAL SOCIETY OF CHEMISTRY-Periodic Table-History http://www.rsc.org/periodic-table/element/26/iron ROYAL SOCIETY OF CHEMISTRY-Periodic Table-Extraction http://www.rsc.org/periodic-table/element/26/iron https://www.webelements.com/iron/electronegativity.html [PDF]Page by Alex GuanPage by . –properties of elements: http://www.garelicksteel.com/pdfs/Melting_Points_of_Common_Metals.pdf http://periodictable.com/Properties/A/Density.al.html http://periodictable.com/Properties/A/Color.al.html http://wiki.answers.com/Q/What_is_the_colour_of_cast_iron#slide=1article=What_is_the_colour_of_cast_iron http://www.engineeringtoolbox.com/metal-alloys-densities-d_50.html https://www.britishmuseum.org/explore/highlights/articles/b/britain_in_the_iron_age.aspx http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iron_Age_China http://www.madehow.com/Volume-2/Iron.html