Essay on The Effects of Sea Level Rise Caused by Climate...

That Sinking Feeling Climate change. Global warming. We’ve heard these terms thrown around so often in the media that they’ve almost lost all meaning. We’ve heard academics throw predictions of polar ice caps melting and nations disappearing into the ocean, much to the denial and distaste of the sceptics. But, really, we haven’t been affected so far. And by scientific predictions, any changes to the earth will be well into the distant future. So why should we worry? Why should we care? Far out in the Pacific Ocean, halfway between Australia and Hawaii, lies a broken necklace of islands called Kiribati. Made up of 32 atolls interspersed over 3.5 million square kilometres, Kiribati snakes over the equator and nudges the International Date†¦show more content†¦It is a cruel reality that a nation making next to no contribution to global warming should be the most affected by it. Being one of the world’s poorest countries, Kiribati doesn’t have one of the most sanitary sewerage systems. It is quite common for locals to defecate in the shallow beach waters. The same shallow waters where shellfish are collected as one of the main sources of food. As a result, diarrhoea and food poisoning are rampant across the islands. Vectorborne diseases, such as dengue fever, are on the rise as a result of increased temperatures and changes in rainfall. Outbreaks of cholera also often spread across the nation, one such outbreak in 1977 killing as many as 500 people. With a hundred thousand lives dangling so precariously in the balance, surely Australia and New Zealand can come up with some call to action to give the people of Kiribati a glimmer of hope for the future? Surely we have room for these environmental refugees in our ample countries? It seems not.. On the 11th of May this year, Ioane Teitiota, a 37-year-old Kiribati national, lost his final appeal to become the world’s first climate change refugee. He, his wife and his three young children, who have never been to Kiribati, will be deported some time in the next few months after losing his case in New Zealand’s Court of Appeal. Apparently we wantShow MoreRelatedEconomic Perspective Of Climate Change1543 Words   |  7 PagesLuzhen Wu Professor Belfied Eco 228W 5/8/16 Economic perspective of Climate change Climate is an average weather condition during a region in a given period, it will not change by one day or one night, but instead caused through over time. From the perspective of meteorology, The climate change refers to a specific location, time of regional or global climate change or conversion, based on the all of the conditions associated with the average weather characteristicsRead MoreClimate Change and Global Warming1074 Words   |  5 PagesClimate change and Global Warming are out of control. This means that, no matter what policies, processes or actions are implemented, the Earth as we know it will never be the same again. There is significant evidence to support this hypothesis. The dilemma becomes whether we can limit the damage and adapt to a new status quo or not. Rising sea levels and the damage caused by this phenomenon has irreversible impacts on coastlines worldwide. Damage to sensitive reef systems cannot be fixed. This alsoRead MoreThe Ozone Hole An d Polar Regions1220 Words   |  5 Pageshas caused the atmosphere to alter its radiative effects and raise the overall climate of the Earth. The Earth’s ozone layer has continued to dwindle down in size and it has had profound effects on its radiative ability. The Earth’s undergoes a natural process, known as the greenhouse effect, which involves greenhouse gasses to absorb heat and radiate it back towards Earth. This allows Earth to have a temperature that can support life. Due the widening of the ozone hole, the greenhouse effect hasRead MoreClimate Change And Ocean Level Rise And Its Effects On Coastal Societies1490 Words   |  6 Pages Climate Change and Ocean Level Rise and their effects Michael Estrada Florida Atlantic University July 19, 2015 TABLE OF CONTENTS Introduction†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..3 Literature Review†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.4 Climate Change†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦4 Melting of Greenland and the Arctic and its effects on the Ecosystem†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦4 Ocean level rise and its effects on Coastal Societies†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.....5 Discussion†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..6 Conclusion†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Read MoreThe Effects Of Climate Change On The Earth1256 Words   |  6 PagesClimate change is the process of change in average long term weather patterns. These long term changes can be limited to small local areas such as cities or countries, large broad areas or cover the overall climate of Earth. Climate change occurs naturally due to the orbit of the Earth, ocean changes, changes in solar radiation levels and volcanic disasters. Although these natural influences do play a part in climate change most scientists believe that the rate of climate change that the Earth hasRead MoreThe Impact Of Climate Change On Rising Sea Levels1601 Words   |  7 Pages Research Paper The Impact of Climate Change on Rising Sea Levels Over the past century, changes in the climate have affected our sea levels. From global warming to man made causes, these factors contribute into one of the most predictable catastrophic disasters. While rising sea levels can lead to a flooding disaster, there are other consequences that are impacted due to this component that can affect the whole planet. Changes in the climate have been an on going critical issue that hasRead MoreEffects Of Global Warming On The Environment And The Population979 Words   |  4 Pagesextreme natural disasters and expanding sea levels. Anthropogenic climate change refers to the production of greenhouse gases emitted into the earth’s atmosphere as a result of human expansion and activity. According to research conducted by The National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Goddard Institute for Space Studies (NASA, 2016) the average global temperature of the Earth has risen 0.87 degrees Celsius from 1880 to 2016, the highest temperature rise recorded to date, as a result of heightenedRead MoreThe Effects of Rising Sea Levels Essay966 Words   |  4 PagesThe Effects of Rising Sea Levels Introduction: Over the last several decades, climate change has evolved from a polarizing discussion to what will likely be the largest collaborative research project of our generation. While many aspects of climate change are still misunderstood, there is little debate that the concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere is rising at an alarming rate. This rise is considered the main cause behind an increase in global temperature, which has set in motionRead MoreA Fallacy Or An Ugly Truth1435 Words   |  6 Pages7000 years ago, the new climate era’s advance into the 21st century covers most of the time mankind has inhabited a planet with a mild and relatively stable and unchanging climate, is clearly compelling. From sea levels rising, to the melting of the glaciers, loss of fresh water and increase in natural disasters, this phenomenon is a threat advancing with tumultuous force, and little warning for those who cannot be bothered to notice the signs. The evidence that climate c hange is a naturally occurringRead MoreGlobal Climate Change : The Global Warming1633 Words   |  7 PagesThe Global Climate Change Currently, when human life is growing, human activities play an impact on the environment and climate, which leads to global climate change. Climate change is a problem of the whole world, and therefore remains a huge challenge for life on Earth. So what is climate change? Evolution of how it change? Climate change is caused by natural causes or by humans which possibly fluctuates the cycle of change in weather and climate. The specific expression that we often hear about

Police Officers And The Civil Libertarian And Economics...

According to this perspective, disproportionate searches of racial minorities are justified if hit rates are equal across races or if some other measure of â€Å"efficient policing† is achieved. Although proponents of these two approaches disagree with one another as to whether racial disparities in search rates are morally or legally acceptable, their analyses suffer from similar shortcomings. In particular, both the civil libertarian and the economics approaches assume intentional or purposeful discrimination by police offers. Although data from around the country suggest that racial minorities are often searched at a disproportionately higher rate than Whites, there is little empirical evidence that those disparities are the result of malice or purposeful profiling. We instead begin with the assumption—based on considerable empirical evidence—that the factors influencing police officers’ decisions are complex (Black 1980; Goldstein 1977; Reiss 1984; Wil son 1973). In the present research context, therefore, it is implausible that race is the sole factor that causes police officers to search motorists. To be sure, the recognition of the â€Å"multivariate† nature of police officers’ decisions to search has yet to be met by concurrent multivariate empirical models of such behavior. Indeed, incidents of searches are complex events that cannot be understood through simple univariate frequency statistics and/or bivariate relationships. The Supreme Court itself often adopts aShow MoreRelatedPublic Policy Essay3740 Words   |  15 Pagesthe legal definition of sex offenses and sex offenders, and established Project Safe Childhood program within the U.S. Department of Justice, Project Safe Childhood includes grants to states to help combat Internet predators as well as to help fund civil commitments, and aims to coordinate federal, state and local efforts to vigorously investigate and prosecute crimes against children, inclu ding sexual assault, child pornography, and kidnapping. (Brown, 2009) Since the mid 1990’s, sex offenders policyRead MoreThe Department Of Homeland Security2852 Words   |  12 Pagescontains accusations of violating civil liberties (Perl 2004). Just one month after the attack, legislations were introduced to create this Department of Homeland Security. DHS was born in the wake of anti-terrorism focus, in which much attention was diverted to the formation of a new National Threat Advisory system. The system applied colour coded level in expressing the state of security, whereby green signified low threat while red signified severe threats. Many DHS officers were given the responsibilityRead MoreBusiness Ethics Test Questions with Answers Essay22425 Words   |  90 Pages c. They serve as intermediaries between market participants. d. They are not responsible for ensuring conformance to fairness in the marketplace. Answer: c 17.  Which of the following rely on gatekeepers for fair and effective functioning of economic markets? a.  Bankers b.  Auditors c.  Accountants d.  Financial analysts Answer: a 18. The function of auditors as gatekeepers is to:   a.  verify a company’s financial statements so that investors’ decisions are free from fraud and deception. Read MoreNational Security Outline Essay40741 Words   |  163 Pagesï » ¿TABLE OF CONTENTS FOR NSL READING CHAPTER 1: National Security Law and the Role of Tipson 1 CHAPTER 2: Theoretical approaches to national security world order 4 CHAPTER 3: Development of the International Law of Conflict Management 5 CHAPTER 4: The Use of Force in International Relations: Norms Concerning the Initiation of Coercion (JNM) 7 CHAPTER 5: Institutional Modes of Conflict Management 17 The United Nations System 17 Proposals for Strengthening Management Institutional ModesRead MoreUK - Analysis Report31935 Words   |  128 PagesCOUNTRY ANALYSIS REPORT United Kingdom In-depth PESTLE Insights Publication Date: May 2010 OVERVIEW Catalyst This profile analyzes the political, economic, social, technological, legal and environmental structure in the United Kingdom. Each of the PESTLE factors is explored on four parameters: current strengths, current challenges, future prospects and future risks. Summary Key findings Strong democratic system, but the threat from terrorism continues to be high The UK adheres to aRead MoreOne Significant Change That Has Occurred in the World Between 1900 and 2005. Explain the Impact This Change Has Made on Our Lives and Why It Is an Important Change.163893 Words   |  656 Pagessocioeconomic circumstances and dynamics rather than standard but arbitrary chronological break points. In the decades that followed the Great War, the victorious European powers appeared to have restored, even expanded, their global political and economic preeminence only to see it eclipsed by the emergence of the Soviet and U.S. superpowers on their periphery and a second round of even more devastating global conflict. The bifurcated international system that resulted from the cold war standoffRead More_x000C_Introduction to Statistics and Data Analysis355457 Words   |  1422 Pagesbetween teaching and evaluation; in addition to teaching, he is the assessment facilitator for the Cedar Rapids, Iowa, Community Schools. In his spare time he enjoys reading and hiking. He and his wife have a daughter, Anna, who is a graduate student in Civil Engineering at Cal Tech. JAY DEVORE earned his undergraduate degree in Engineering Science from the University of California at Berkeley, spent a year at the University of Shefï ¬ eld in England, and ï ¬ nished his Ph.D. in statistics at Stanford University

Chevron Essay Example For Students

Chevron Essay Chevron is the second largest producer of oil in the Gulf of Mexico. It is thethird largest producer of oil in the United States and 24 other countries. Their production worldwide has been quoted as 1.4 million barrels of oil and gasa day. Chevrons products are transported over land by pipeline and tankers,and over water by barges. The headquarters for this huge corporation is inHouston, Texas, but they also have offices in California, London, Singapore,Mexico, and Moscow to name a few. They have pipelines that extend across theUnited States and also in Africa, Australia, Indonesia, New Guinea, Europe, andthe Middle East. In addition to oil and natural gas, Chevron is also one of theleading coal producers in the United States. The company is very interested inthe environment and more than half of the companys reserves are of low sulfurcoal. Chevrons latest accomplishment is geared towards capturing much of theoil reserves waiting to be found in Russia. Before the fall of the Soviet Unionin 1991, Chevron had nearly signed a deal with the government to buy Tenghiz,the biggest oil field to become available in twenty years. Hug reserves of oil,approximately 250 billion barrels, were waiting to be taken from the earth. After the uprising in Russia, Chevron feared that the deal would be off. Fortunately, they were able to bargain with the new-found government and enterinto a joint agreement to produce oil from the fields in Tenghiz. At this time,Chevron is planning to export the oil from Russia by pipeline to the Black Seawhere it will be transported out by oil tanker. The cost of this entire dealwill be somewhere in the area of $10 billion dollars. In 1991 Chevron hadrevenues of $40 billion dollars with a net income for the year of 1.3 billiondollars. Category: Science

Sound In Poetry Essays (1013 words) - Poetic Rhythm, Alliteration

Sound In Poetry Poems usually begin with words or phrase which appeal more because of their sound than their meaning, and the movement and phrasing of a poem. Every poem has a texture of sound, which is at least as important as the meaning behind the poem. Rhythm, being the regular recurrence of sound, is at the heart of all natural phenomena: the beating of a heart, the lapping of waves against the shore, the croaking of frogs on a summer's night, the whisper of wheat swaying in the wind. Rhythm and sound and arrangement ?the formal properties of words?allow the poet to get beyond, or beneath the surface of a poem. Both Gwendolyn Brooks' "Sadie and Maud" (799) and Anne Bradstreet's "To My Dear and Loving Husband" (784) emphasize poetic sound to express their themes. Used to enhance sound in a poem, alliteration is the repetition of sound in consecutive or neighboring words, usually at the beginning of words. Both Brooks and Bradstreet make use of alliteration in their poems. "Sadie stayed at home. / Sadie scraped life..." (2-3) the repetition of s is evident in these two lines, reflecting the sassiness and independence that Sadie possessed. "Then while we live, in love lets [persevere]" (11) the slow musical repetition of the l sounds reflect the romantic emphasis in the poem. Assonance?the repetition of the same or similar vowel sound, especially in stressed syllables?can also enrich a poem. Assonance can be used to unify a poem as in Bradstreet's poem in which it emphasizes the thematic connection among words and unifies the poem's ideas of the husband and wife becoming one. "Compare with me ye woman if you can" (4). In Brook's poem, repeated vowel sounds extend throughout. Brooks indirectly links certain words and by connecting these words, she calls attention to the imagery that helps communicate the poems theme of how different two people who grew up in the same household can be. "Under her maiden name/ Maud and Ma and Papa..." (10-11). In addition to alliteration and assonance, poets create sound patterns with rhyme. The conventional way to describe a poem's rhyme scheme is to chart rhyming words that appear at the ends of lines. In Brooks' poem the rhyme scheme is abcb, defe which reinforces the way two things can begin the same, but change as time goes on. Naturally, rhyme does not have to be subtle to enrich a poem. An obvious rhyme scheme like the one in Bradstreet's poem is aabb, ccdd can communicate meaning by forcing attention on a relationship between two people that are not normally linked. The poem's theme speaks of the husband and wife becoming one, the poem's rhyme scheme is of two consecutive lines belonging together and having one sound. Rhyme can also be classified according to the position of the rhyming syllables in a line of verse. Bradstreet's poem contains beginning rhyme, Brooks' poem, on the other hand, contains only end rhyme. "I prize thy love more than whole mines of gold/ My love is such that rivers cannot quench/ Thy love is such I can in no way repay"(5, 7, 9). "Her girls struck out from home/ Her fine-tooth comb" (14, 16). Poets, too, create rhyme by using repeated words and phrases. "Sadie scraped life/ with a fine-toothed comb" (3-4) and "Sadie had left as heritage/ her fine-tooth comb" (15-16). The repeated phrases "Sadie" and "Maud", which shift from one subject to the other and back again "Maud went to college/ Sadie stayed at home" (1-2). The poem has a singing rhythm that resembles a song that children play to. The remembrance of carefree childhood ironically contrasts with the adulthood that both Sadie and Maud now face as they grow up: Sadie stays home and has two children out of wedlock; Maud goes to college and ends up "a thin brown mouse". Repeated phrases in Bradstreet's poem include "if ever" and"love". "If ever two were one then surely we. / If ever man were loved by wife then thee" (1-2). "My Love is such that rivers cannot quench, / Nor ought but love from the give recompence" (9-10). With such recurrence, the poem is like a slow romantic song and the repeated words are its rhythm. Meter, the pattern of stressed and unstressed syllables that govern a poem's lines, largely creates poetic rhythm. This gives readers the "beat" of the poem and approximates the sound of spoken language. The meter of Bradstreet's poem is iambic pentameter and it is evident throughout the poem. It contributes

Minority Report Essay Example

Minority Report Essay Example Minority Report Paper Minority Report Paper Oedipus the King, a tragedy by Sophocles, was written in the 5th Century B. C. , continues to influence today’s culture. This play is about a man who saves a place, called Thebes, where they crown him as king for his actions. On a quest to find the previous king’s murderer, Oedipus falls to his doom by his fatal flaw. Overtime, society has created numerous artworks using themes from this play. A well-known movie is Minority Report, which uses several themes from Oedipus the King. This movie is about a man named John Anderton, who runs a program called Pre-crime. Pre-crime is a facility where three precognitive see a future homicide, and have a team of detectives prevents the homicide. In Minority Report, John Anderton eventually falls as well, due to his tragic flaw. The purpose of this essay is to analyze the similar themes of blindness, prophecy, and attempting to beat fate in these two works of art. In both artworks, blindness does not only refer to physical sight but comprehension as well. In Oedipus the King, the theme of blindness reoccurs several times. The first time we experience this theme is when the Tiresias, a blind prophet, comes to help Oedipus with his quest. Even though Tiresias was right, Oedipus was blind to the truth. Another instance that includes blindness is Oedipus being unable to comprehend the truth. Then a final example is when Oedipus accepts the truth and stabs his eyes out. While Minority Report, uses a lot of symbolism for blindness. The first time blindness is referenced is after the opening credits. It starts with a man talking about how blind he is, then the scene switches to his sun stabbing scissors into a an eye on a magazine, and then we see a close-up of an eye. The film also shows that Anderton is blind, because he is unable to comprehend several things he is told. Like the prophecy the drug sealer form the wrong side of town told him. John Anderton is even blinded by his self-righteousness. The theme of blindness is evident in both these works, because it gives hint that the protagonist does not see how murder affects their lives. A second major theme in both works is prophecy. In these works, the protagonist receives prophecies about their futures. Oedipus gets his first prophecy prior to the play. The oracle warns him that he will kill his father and marry his mother. While he is told the second prophecy at the beginning of the play. Here, Tiresias prophesizes that he will become blind, homeless, poor, shunned and weakened with self-loathing. Then in Minority Report, John Anderton receives two prophecies as well. The first one comes from the eyeless drug dealer, saying that the future is a place where the blind live under a one eyed king. Later in the film, Agatha sees a future where John will kill a man named Leo Crowe. Eventually, all four of these prophecies come rue as they were said. This theme is evident as well; this is because prophecy affects them. It makes them do whatever is necessary to make sure it does not happen, and proves their innocence. This is an important theme because it also further develops the plot. Another common theme between these works is trying to defeat fate. Throughout the film or play, the protagonist tries their best to avoid their fate. Prior Oedipus the King, Oedipus is given a horrible fate that makes him live in fear. Trying to escape his predestined fate, where he is to kill his father and marry his mother. He runs away from home in fear of being near his parents. However, no matter what Oedipus tries the prophecy comes true. This is because he let fear rule his life, and lacked of knowledge of his real kinship. Then by ignoring Tiresias and Jocasta, he continues to dig for the truth. This leads to the second prophecy real, making his a blind beggar. While in Minority Report, John runs as well when he sees a vision of himself killing Leo Crowe. Again trying to avoid fate fails, since Leo Crowe eventually dies. This film thus proves that fate cannot be defeated. Even when John Anderton decided to arrest the victim rather then kill him, in the end Mr. Crowe still dies. It also shows that fate might not always be clear. This is because the vision of Crowe’s death is with John killing him but in reality Crowe killed himself. Then the prophecy of a one eyed ruled comes true as well. By the end of the movie John has one eye, and also important information that can ruin Pre-crime. Here he is the one eyed ruler because he has information, which no one else has. This makes society blind to the truth, therefore he rules since he knows this information. Prophecies are an important theme because they can give the protagonist a focus and complicate the plot. In the end, Oedipus the King and Minority Report have similar themes. Among the ones listed above they are a few others including hubris. Though not everything is the same, using Classical Greek literature is useful. Greek literature as a reference for a contemporary film can help develop ideas and plot. Knowledge of Greek drama can also better the experience. With this knowledge, someone can better enjoy the film because could understand more of the plot and have background information for movies. However, to much knowledge can ruin a movie experience. If someone knows a lot of Greek drama one can recognize a movie plot, and figure out will happen before getting to enjoy the movie. So, like everything else, knowing Greek drama can better an experience and ruin it at the same time. For Aristotle, this film would meet the criteria of a perfect drama. Due to the futuristic setting, the tragic hero, and complex plot of Minority Report, the movie will certainly meet the criteria of Aristotle.

Benefits of Working as a Computer Science Expert

Benefits of Working as a Computer Science Expert Why Computer Science Career is So Popular Today? If you want to reach a decent level of living, you can take a look at a career in computer engineering. You can start moving to your goal since school by studying Computer Sciences and Informational Technologies subjects. They are becoming the most important disciplines today. It is better for you to get a Bachelor or even a Master’s degree. But most of all you should focus on developing your computer skills. You will be more appreciated as a professional if you will know more than one programming language and have various skills in this field. What is more, being a computer expert, you will be able to work distantly, from home or any other convenient place. Freelancing is very popular among family people and millennials who do not want to be tied to one place. Also, this type of work opens a lot of opportunities for those, who work far from big cities, as many big computer corporations’ offices are located there. Moreover, new career opportunities appear daily with the development of the IT field. People who have IT education and skills will always be able to find a decent job. You can start a career in the following categories: Administration Design Development Finances Healthcare Nursing. Management Marketing Programming Writing You can see that the knowledge of Business Administration can also help you in obtaining a good career in computer science. All you need is to present the real information from the right perspective. Writing experts can assist you in creating the proper application letter that will get the attention of your potential employer. Computer science requires the implementation of many sciences and fields starting with administrating and business and ending with technologies and biology. The main requirement is to be good at what you do and provide a new ideal for industrial development. You can focus on discovering solutions for problems like: Designing and developing the software. Finding the solutions for technical instruments from the technical and creative point of view. Storing the info, management of the data, networking, and control of communications. New approaches and ways of using computers and electronic devices. Considering this, you can choose from 5 main career options in computer science: Career option 1. Designing and implementation apps for PC and portable devices. Career option 2. Searching for new approaches to PC and portable devices usage. Career option 3. Finding effective solutions for computer issues. Career option 4. Finding effective solutions for any other industry. Career option 5. Planning and organizing the technology infrastructure in any industry. Top Career Choices in Computer Science Below you will find out the most forward-looking career ideas: Market Research Analyst Modern marketing includes many aspects like promotion, sales, and distribution. These elements are connected and require decent management to be effective. To run productive promotional campaigns and increase sales, companies require specialists in marketing research analysis. Usually, these experts work with teams in order to conduct a deep analysis and develop effective business plans. To become a professional in this field, you need to know how to analyze the data, review the available information and study trends and strategies of competitors. Your main task here is to provide a quick company growth. You also have to be able to collect the feedback from your customers, partners, and suppliers, etc. to obtain more opinions on company activity. Your computer science degree will be valuable in this data-focused field, especially if you will have a Master’s degree. Annual salary: $33,500 – $114,000 Operations Research Analyst This career is pretty similar to the previous one. It also requires working with data and managing the information. The purpose here is to find the best solution for the existing issues as well. This job requires knowledge and skills in the following subjects: accounting; finance; political science; manufacturing logistics. But in his position, you will need the assistance of other specialists. You have to know what software used for statistics and what modeling packages to apply. Pay attention to studying statistics in college to be successful in this industry in the future. And do your best to get the Master’s degree. Annual salary: $42,000 $130,000 Systems Software Developer Working with system software does not always mean being a system administrator. This also includes developing apps and software. And experts can find a job in a computer or mobile industry. If you have good engineering and programming skills, you can find a job as a designer, for instance, in a big corporation. This will be an excellent start for an IT career. You will have to develop programs and apps that will be used in computer and mobile industries. And it refers not only to mobile phones but even to the auto interfaces. You should also take into consideration the security aspect of your products. As usual, the master’s diploma will be beneficial in getting a job. Annual salary: $63,000 $151,000 Web/App Developer We all are mobile and web users as we regularly download and use various apps. That is why the developers of web and mobile applications are in such high demand now. Numerous apps are developed annually, and they always have target users and a useful purpose. For developers there are some basic responsibilities: creating websites for e-commerce; controlling company operations; managing of the non-profit groups; conducting social media activity; working together with customers and business partners. To become a web developer, you should be an expert in computers and engineering. You also should be able to work freely with programming languages like HTML, JavaScript, XML, and Cascading Style Sheets. Also, you should be able to check the website after it is completed to make sure everything runs properly and the interface is user-friendly. Annual salary: $33,000 $110,000 Geoscientist Apart from computer science, let’s take a look at another important field, like geosciences. This science is aimed at discovering our planet, so you need to be good at Geography or Geophysics that will serve as a bonus to your computer skills. Tasks for such experts are to model and build up real-life prototypes, and they need usage of complex computer systems. The main purpose here is to study our planet and what opportunities it can bring to us. Geoscientist also should have data analysis and digital mapping skills as well. They have to conduct researches of the issues connected to the Earth. Geology is required as much as computer knowledge here. You can start searching for a job in government or oil and gas industry. Your researching and application skills will be useful for authorities. Annual salary: $49,000 $187,000 As you can see, finding a highly-paid job requires more than just a basic knowledge of computer sciences. You have to be aware of some other industries and be able to conduct connected operations. But if you want to be independent financially and have a decent level of living, you should consider developing skills and obtaining the knowledge required for working in these industries. To save some time for getting extra experience, you can order a research paper from writing experts. But keep in mind that you need to choose only respectful services, as you entrust them a part of your reputation as well.

Compare lancasters 'characteristics' approach to consumer demand with Essay

Compare lancasters 'characteristics' approach to consumer demand with the standard neo-classical approach. What is lancaster's c - Essay Example Take any microeconomics book and one would be able to see a lot about consumer demand and supply, pricing strategy, branding and supply chain management in detail. These theories and strategies are (Lee & Keen, 2002, p- 7) mostly framed on various concepts which evolved throughout the time for centuries. The neoclassical economic theories are the most famous among them. They are used extensively in economics till date. Neoclassical theory basically explains the output of employment. According to it, the value of the product is determined by the time spend to create it and the labor cost involved. Consumers buy the product for their pleasure(utility). Every consumer purchases a product to make their life easier or pleasurable in one way or another (Clark, n.d.). The theory emphasizes, the people who work more, earn more and hence purchase more. Every business uses neoclassical theories mentioned in these books for creating value for their products and marketing them to a certain exten t. Over the years, many strategies like the prospect theory started to evolve in the place of the neoclassical theory. Lancaster's model of consumer demand which explores the characteristics of the goods is widely applicable to the modern day businesses where no major physical entity is involved. He argues a person buys the characteristics of the product not the real product. He simply states â€Å"goods are what are thought of as goods†. According to the theory, a consumer actually pays for some characteristic of the product like the nutrient content in the milk which will be useful to them. This paper compares the Lancaster theory with the neoclassical concepts and analyzes how the former one is more suitable to the modern day businesses. Lancaster’s Concept The "New Economic Theory of Consumer Behavior" redefined the way the economists look at business. According to the theory, every product is considered as a set of characteristics that are useful to the customer ( Wierenga). This model is multidimensional and helps in maximizing the profits of modern day businesses like cloud computing and software as a service where only the characteristics of the product are utilized by the customers. The Lancaster model is not as famous as the other economic theories. Only a very few scholars have tried to prove its benefits with empirical data. Ratchford has proved the model is applicable when a customer is given a choice to choose one particular product from various alternatives. Lancaster model opposes the traditional demand theory model emphasized widely by the neoclassical theory. The main advantage of this approach is it gives us a chance to explore the technological attributes of the product in a much better way (Marcin, 1992). According to the neoclassical theory, only goods concerned with the basic needs like food, shelter and entertainment are considered as commodities of high demand. They deal with customer choice with budget constraint as the m ain factor influencing the customer behavior. The customer will choose a product that is useful to them in maximum ways and still stays affordable. The Lancaster model on the other hand insists, the goods themselves are not purchased, but only their characteristics, which are in turn shaped by observing the customer b

Reflection of your leadership style Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Reflection of your leadership style - Essay Example With this form of leadership, I am not interested in power, excess money or selfish prestige. I am guided equally by my heart and mind. I lead a multitude with zeal of passion and compassion as I think greatly while engaging my mind (George, Peter, Andrew, &Diana 2-3). Authentic leaders lead with purpose, meanings and values giving them with a very strong sense of people relationship. This makes people follow them as they can be relied upon, they are strong and quite consistent. An authentic leader will never bend their beliefs for the sake of another person’s interest; furthermore, they will never compromise any situation or case for anything. I believe that becoming a leader takes a lifetime therefore; I am dedicated to personal growth and learning. Relation to the course content The course content has enabled me realize the form of leadership characteristic that I exhibit. This is because I have lifted myself to the position that I am able to interact with the people and pi ck out of our interaction the pieces which will make a lot of sense to me. I develop my own model in the community by finding a group which belives in the same things that I do believe in. through becoming self directed and independence of mind, I am able to stay consistent with my personality and my values. This has gone to the extent that when O try paying attention to what everyone else wants me to be, I develop a feeling like my head is spinning in my shoulders and my feet wanting to from under me. I therefore find myself in a situation where I am comfortable always standing alone and this has developed to be one of my strengths. The leadership style is one which enables an individual form relationship building skills hence ability to work with various people in different environments or situations. I highly appreciate the fact that this form of leadership skill has enabled me be in the position where I am able to embrace my weaknesses and use my strength (George, Peter, Andrew, &Diana 5). The only setback is the peoples complaint that I intimidate then given they are not confident with their abilities. I make decisions fast and move as fast hence get disgusted when other people cannot make decisions faster. This impatience has been polished by me paying attention to people and their feelings hence making them feel they have been heard and therefore fully engaged. Strengths and weaknesses Form the studies I have come to realize that my strengths are vast. They start from my ability to listen to others compassionately and assist people as they wish. I am also quite patient when it comes to listening to a group and acting upon their grievances even before I act on my own. I have also come to learn that one must not only be born a leader to be one, you can as well endure for some time and become a very great leader (George, Peter, Andrew, &Diana 6-7). The weaknesses than I need to rectify are not much but a few. That is the ability to bring people from divers e backgrounds together and make them believe in the same shared thoughts. It is worth noting that leadership is in us, whether in business, government or a volunteer organization, whatever we need to work on is the ability to understanding ourselves and discovers where we can use our leadership gift to serve others. In doing so we will adequately discover ourselves and the purpose of our

Compare the Ways in Which the Roles of Women are Portrayed Essay Example for Free

Compare the Ways in Which the Roles of Women are Portrayed Essay When focusing explicitly on the topic of a woman’s seemingly ever-evolving status, one would constantly perceive it to be a working progress of the woman and the rise of her independence. So, why when analysing both, ‘The Wife of Bath’ and ‘Death of a Salesman’ do these roles of the most prominent women seem to be in reverse? The history of a woman’s autonomy branches outwards from the past, therefore enforcing the idea of a woman, living in an earlier period, to exist under high demands of fulfilling the traditional expressive position. Yet with regards to Chaucer’s tale, why is it that Alisoun is able to possess characteristics that are both a controversy for the 14th century during in which it was written, and to a certain extent, this era momentarily? On the other hand, the 1950s ‘Death of a Salesman’ harbours a heroine who remains true to her decade’s basic notion on how both a woman and a wife should persist to be, consequently presenting Linda Loman as a stock character. With a distance of 6 centuries, is there an abstruse intention to why both the female protagonists are depicted in an unusual fashion, and totally out of the ordinary when its context is taken into account, or, is this simply the writers’ approach to manifest some sort of a response, whether it be mere shock, indulgent laughter, or utter appreciation? The titles alone contain an instantaneous conception on how both women are portrayed concurrently. ‘The Wife of Bath’ obtains an immediate link to Alisoun, unlike ‘Death of a Salesman’ which simply refers to Willy Loman and includes no innuendo of his wife Linda. Alisoun’s ownership of the tale is reinforced by the noun ‘Wife’ as a direct association to her, suggesting that she is the focal point of the tale. But is she? The prologue is definitely in her possession with her martial history being the key plot; however the tale on the other hand clearly centres the knight as the protagonist, consequently endorsing the audience to make an initial judgment on Alisoun’s character as one which is strong enough to acquire her own title. Maybe Chaucer’s main purpose was to make his eponymous hero a female to either stagger the audience by the pragmatical meaning of this whereby such power and eminence is handed to a female character, or to purely ridicule a woman with any supremacy, and in effect, is symbolic since it contains the intention of formulating humour for an audience existing in a 14th century world. With this reasoning in mind, the common use of the noun ‘Wife’ would then become a more abstract version of this since, in essence, this is merely an idea of her control and alliance to the city. Perhaps the title ‘The Wife of Bath’ can be decoded then as a euphemism that solely associates with Alisoun’s, ‘Housbandes at chirche dore I have had five-‘ This has been translated as a misrepresentation of her being promiscuous which uses hyperbole to reinforce the concept and also assists in the beginning of a caricature adaptation of a woman who is unlike most others. On the contrary, since ‘Death of a Salesman’ purely refers to Willy, this would consequently support how dominating the male gender had been in the early 50s. In relation to Linda however, the absence of any insinuation of her in the title holds a vital insight of how she is portrayed through the play itself. This maintains the persistent imagery of Linda conserving her private role as a housewife, and to an extent, Willy’s constant positive conscience, Willy – ‘I suddenly couldn’t drive anymore. ’ Linda – ‘Maybe it was the steering wheel again. ’ The adverb ‘Maybe’ certainly exhibits some indecision with Linda’s response indicating that even though she may not entirely know what Willy requires, she knows it is necessary for her to provide a reasonable answer that will help ease the blame off Willy, facilitating the assumption of Linda’s loyalty to her husband, even during the worst of times. Arthur Miller’s intention of having no connotation to Linda in the title could be indeed for the purpose of supporting the idea of her selflessness compared to Willy’s egotistical behaviour. This theory of Linda’s ignored compassion is also demonstrated when Willy commits suicide. ‘I can’t understand it. ’ This simple sentence is most commonly used with the verb ‘do not/don’t’, but, semantically, Miller permits Linda to unusually phrase this with the modal auxiliary verb and the nagator ‘can’t’ to express her rejection towards comprehending his refusal of living life fully. Perhaps the importance of this approach was to portray just how vulnerable and helpless not just Linda, but the rest of the female population was in the 50s. As if to say it had nothing to do with the capacity of the female brain but the knowledge of where that woman should remain to be. The title is therefore a description of Linda’s personality and depicts just how much Linda is taken for granted. In the earliest stage directions of ‘Death of a Salesman’, the lexis used to describe Linda Loman all relate to the semantic field of household items and the act of obeying a person: ‘stirred’ ‘iron repression’ ‘admires’ ‘listening’ Semantically, theses lexicons relate to the play itself. The stative adverb ‘admire’ implies Linda may not feel worthy of Willy therefore she can only have a high regard for him and not the ability to put herself in his position. According to this then, Linda could be summarized as a character that has a low opinion of herself. The comparison to household items proves to be crucial since it could be categorized as an exposition, introducing the audience to Linda’s most prominent characteristic. A more modern audience, and in particular contemporary women, would argue that this was very demeaning since it implies this was all they are known for. Throughout the description of the Wife from the General prologue, the audience obtains a direct inkling of her character. ‘Housbandes at chirche dore she hadde five’ This sentence delivers an eye opener as to what Alisoun’s social status is. Since only the elite managed to marry inside of a church, this would then imply that from the age of 12, Alisoun has supposedly not ascended the ladder of social mobility. The syntax of this however creates some hesitancy to admit the true number of her failed marriages. Given that she leaves the actual amount ‘five’ till last reinforces the idea of her true emotions towards them. The similarity between Linda and Alisoun then would be that aside from the fact that one woman has had considerably more partners than the other: Alisoun is still in search of love, remaining to be ever willing to find her true match. This is further proven with the syntax from the quotation. As ‘Housbandes’ is the first word in the sentence, it indicates she finds pleasure in having a husband because of the urgency to articulate the concrete noun ‘Housbandes’, despite the fact that they were all failures. Linda’s crime is that she loves her only husband far too much. It is evident that in spite of her devotion to Willy, he still ignores her and takes her for granted, Linda- ‘Take an aspirin. Should I get you an aspirin? It’ll soothe you. ’ Willy- ‘I was driving along, you understand? ’ Here it is visible that Willy does overlook his wife completely by his sudden change in topicality and the flouting of the Grice’s maxim of relevance. Perhaps this is due to the way he perceives Linda, and the minimal respect he has for her. This is further evident with his tag question, ‘you understand? Unlike Robin Lakoff’s female language theory, this does not abide by her rules. In her opinion these tag questions imply a need for some support rather than a critical remark. However it is obvious that Willy does not require any backing since he is the most dominant speaker. The pragmatics of this statement show how much of a low disregard he has on Linda’s capability of understanding such a simple concep t as driving, consequently suggesting he does, in actual fact, take his loving wife for granted. Miller’s intentions here differ depending on the gender perspective. Since this is one of many occurrences where Willy insults Linda’s intelligence, this provides evidence of her complete devotion to her husband. Perhaps this mirrors the reality of the 1950s’ female audience therefore Miller’s motive in creating such a character was simply to please the existing female population at that time and nothing more. From a male point of view following the same thesis of art imitating life, Willy’s ability to have both control and authority over Linda would have also been Miller’s method in satisfying the male audience. Linda’s speech also indicates some reluctance of being abrupt towards her husband. ‘Take an aspirin. Should I get you an aspirin? ’ This reads to be an almost repaired statement, strengthening the notion of her delicacy when interacting with her husband. Depending on the stage direction as to how this is supposed to be acted out, another contention could be that Linda’s true being slipped out for a moment. The unusual abruptness of the first sentence followed by the modal verb ‘Should’ may imply how Linda must always remain to be conscious of the words she speaks even if she truthfully isn’t like that. This could possibly have been Miller’s subtle approach in exposing just how human a woman truly is. Linda’s character is one that appears to be careful in every action she undertakes, Alisoun on the other hand gives the impression of being self-sufficient in her decisions. ‘What that he mente therby, I kan nat seyn; But that I axe, why the fifthe man Was non housbonde to the Samaritan? How manye mighte she have in marriage? Yet herde I nevere tellen in myn age Upon this nombre diffinicioun. ’ In a Russian Formalist literary opinion, her attitude here in this verse would suggest she is blasphemous and very defensive of her deeds. By allowing an illiterate female commoner challenge basic Christian belief, Chaucer invites an astonishing controversial angle on reality. An audiences’ reaction to this from the 14th century would be of great annoyance towards Alisoun since she occupies no immense background to express such a powerful opinion. According to the first line ‘What that he mente therby, I kan nat seyn’ this also suggests that her judgment is based on a more personal outlook rather than facts. From my own 21st century perspective following the same Russian Formalist fundamentals, this verse stands to be an opinion and nothing more. Alisoun’s analysis may not have changed but the reaction from the audience would have instead. In actual fact, her intrusive manner would have been one that would have been valued despite of her gender. Regardless of the fact that both texts are fictional, their mediums exhibit various conclusions: since ‘The Wife of Bath’ is classed as poetry there are some limitations as to what could have been written. It would appear that Chaucer’s main objective was to entertain the listener rather than being factual. This is evident due to the consistent structure of rhyming couplets and alliteration. Somme seyde women loven best richesse, Somme seyde honour, somme seyde jolinesse,’ There is a distinctive pattern here which works throughout the rest of the tale. Seeing as though there are no breaks or clear stanzas in the poem, the use of parallelism suggests that a list is about to form without abiding by the usual formation of a list. The rhyming, alliteratio n and sibilance ‘Somme seyde’ ‘richnesse’ ‘jolinesse’, adds emphasis on the ideas explored throughout the tale in a way which amuses an audiences of any age. Death of a Salesman’ has none of these restrictions, whereby no rules or patterns are needed to be followed. Miller is able to write as he wishes, therefore could it be said that this enables him to write according to the truth? As an audience we are only ever permitted to listen and believe the character’s opinions. This limits exactly how much we should class as valid and thus acts as a confinement of plays in general. The importance of this does not only rest on how valid these texts are historically. In context to the essay question, the mediums affect the way the theme of power is portrayed. With the aid of humour, Chaucer is able to manipulate how the audience perceives the unusual occurrence of a woman who owns such authority. This comedy enables the audience to interpret the dubious topics mentioned in the prologue half -heartedly therefore suggesting that the text can’t completely be taken seriously. Conversely ‘Death of a Salesman’ does not include many entertaining scenes to conceal the control Willy has over Linda and consequently Miller sanctions the audience into producing their own take on the subjects referred to all through the play. Sometimes a woman’s basic actions can be justified by her experiences. Alisoun has the ability to convey such intense concepts because of her endless incidents in the past. Her character’s reputation appears to be licentious which consequently enables an audience to reign in on their annoyance of her. Chaucer has portrayed Alisoun in a way which can only be described as caricature. What should be taken into consideration is that perhaps Chaucer’s overall intention when creating such an exaggerated character like the wife was to humour the audience with the ridicule of a woman with such freedom. Or perhaps it was to produce a character like no other that owns the ability to question the acts of society and their standard beliefs. Out of the entire ‘Canterbury Tales’ there are only two women who possess the ability to tell their story: the Prioress and the Wife. Since the Prioress already maintains the basics of a 14th century woman graciously, Alisoun is possibly Chaucer’s technique in inventing a woman who stands for everything the ordinary woman of that time would not and as a result, portrays life on each end of the pole for all types of audiences to experience. Linda’s character owns a front which, even after the analysis, maintains the idea of an obedient wife. However, the initial idea of her abiding by this characteristic has evidently changed. Yes, she still sticks by with her husband, even after affairs and a lack of care and attention, but is she not a stronger woman in spite of all this? Alisoun has the ability to end her marriage as soon as it goes wrong as if to say she is still searching for her ‘ideal man’ and so self-sufficient that she refuses to lead a miserable life, yet Linda remains to be as courteous as ever even after the marital problems. For a 1950s audience, Miller birthed a female icon, a woman who exists in a realist play regarding the common aspiration of the attempts at conquering the ‘American Dream’. All in all, the roles which appeared to be in reverse now seem to walk side by side along the path of independence. Six centuries apart, diverse situations at hand but both individualistically vigorous women ready to undertake what life has planned for the both of them.

Fluoxetine Hydrochloride and Unipolar Depression :: Psychology Medicine Medical Papers

Fluoxetine Hydrochloride and Unipolar Depression Unipolar Depression is a historically documented affliction that many people experience in their lifetime. B.E. Leonard describes it as "a heterogeneous disease state characterized by complex alterations in several Central Nervous System neurotransmitter and receptor systems" (1992). Episodes of depression range from severe bouts that last a minimum of 2 weeks, to years (also known as Dysthymia," requiring a 2 year minimum duration for appropriate diagnosis). Depression interferes with a person's functioning and well-being on the general level of daily tasks and experiences that most of us participate in and take for granted: people experience loss of interest in previously enjoyed activities, major changes in sleep patterns (sleeping too much or waking early in the morning), appetite, and feelings of hopelessness, helplessness, irritation and/or listlessness. (Davison, 2004.) Researchers have long struggled to pinpoint the origins of depression in order to improve quality of life for those who experience it. While no one causal relationship can be labeled as the main factor in depression (genetics, biology, and environment always interplay a complex role in all human experiences), specific correlational evidence has been found. The neurotransmitter serotonin (5 hydroxytryptamine) acts on areas of the Central Nervous System that are responsible for maintaining and regulating anxiety, sleep, aggression, appetite, temperature, sexual behavior and pain sensation, and has been found to have exceptionally low activity level in depressed people. Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (such as fluoxetine, better known as Prozac) limit the reabsorption of serotonin by blocking receptors at neural level, raising serotonin activity levels and proving effective in helping to treat depression. SSRIs are equally effective as tricyclic drugs, with the particular advantages of not being associated with anticholinergic adverse effects, sedation, cardiotoxicity or massive weight gain, while retaining massive life changing effects. (Leonard.) In this paper, we investigate the synthesis of serotonin, the chemistry and route of access of Fluoxetine, and how the two interact to produce their effects. We study this interaction at the neural level, analyzing the behavioral and physiological changes and results as reported by those who have used the drug. Thus, we progress from profiling the micro level of action to a larger-scale, investigating how fluoxetine and serotonin interact with biology and environment to create the resulting positive and negative effects and, hopefully, to ultimately relieve Unipolar Depression. Serotonin and Fluoxetine: A Prelude to SSRI Functions

Body Image in Society

Destiney McCraney Ms. Wills English 100 19 September 2012 Go Against the Grain Remodel your nose, show your chest, and bend over for the camera. This is basically the message society is sending to women today. If you conform to the world’s idea of what a woman should look like then you will be accepted. In the two articles â€Å"The Pitfalls of Plastic Surgery† by Camille Paglia and â€Å"The Beauty Myth† by Naomi Wolf, the way women have responded to the message from society is discussed from both perspectives.Wolf is clearly against women's confinement to societal pressures. She reveals that there is a â€Å"secret underlie poisoning our freedom,† referring to the way women focus on appearance and fitting in (Wolf 10). Paglia's argument focuses on the extent of women using plastic surgery to become what they believe society wants them to be. She writes about the way women have made themselves their own â€Å"works of art,† taking plastic surgery t o higher levels in the industry. Wolf emphasizes the way women have changed their values over the years.She makes an emotional appeal by concluding that the â€Å"contemporary ravages† are â€Å"destroying women physically and depleting us psychologically†(Wolf 19). Over time, society has influenced women to confine themselves to what the world believes is beauty instead of embracing the power of being a woman and focusing on their place in the economy. The first image portrays a woman who is perfectly proportioned yet still uncomfortable with her body. The woman in the ad has her hands behind her back as if she’s nervous about people seeing her in the bikini she’s wearing.The light blue color of the background symbolizes renewal instead of the sadness that would be portrayed from a darker blue; losing weight creates a brighter future. The bend in her leg reveals her shyness as she looks towards the weight loss product, feeling like she has to use it in o rder to be confident. The fact that she isn’t comfortable after she has lost 25 pounds and is wearing a black bikini reveals the extremes that our society force us to go to in order to be accepted.If it isn’t one part of the body, it’s another. The phrase â€Å"jealous exes† is used to draw attention to the product giving a perspective on what women feel is important these days. Just by looking at this ad it is implied that most women want to make all their exes jealous, not become a CEO of a company. The ad as a whole, pin points how the world thinks women should want to look. Why 25 pounds and not 5? Why is she still uncomfortable? The pressure from society creates this never ending cycle of conformity to the ideal woman.It seems as though women today have shifted their attention to issues that shouldn’t matter. Many women are concerned with â€Å"physical appearance, bodies, faces, hair, clothes,† bringing attention to the relationship be tween â€Å"female liberation and female beauty. â€Å"(Wolf 9) The pressures of society have influenced women to believe they all need to resemble one another. The media always tends to focus on skinny models, light-skinned women, long-haired women, and tall women when they refer to the word â€Å"beauty. These are the types of women that are scarce in our society because everyone obviously isn’t born that way. Most of our society is filled with women who have curves, like the plus sized models of today, or who have darker skin compared to the famous models with fair complexions. The spotlight on the preferred image of women in society causes them to think they have to be just like that vision in order to be accepted. In the image I have chosen, there are two different women who both won a beauty contest in different areas of the world.One woman is skinny with long, blonde hair in her face, while the other has curves and dark, shorter hair out of her face. The woman with curves is more conservative with her outfit and her make-up. She is wearing a bikini, but covering her bottom with a wrap and her make-up is more natural. The skinny woman on the other hand is showing off her body in a bikini and her make-up is on heavier than the other woman’s. The women in our society today feel like they can’t achieve certain goals in life without being the world’s ideal women, but according to this image, it is possible.The plus sized woman in this image is a great example of an empowering figure for women in our society because she is confident with her body and makes the statement that it is okay to love you the way you were born. Who is to blame for women thinking they constantly need to change themselves to fit in? Why aren’t women comfortable with their bodies? When people like the media are repeatedly beating you up for being yourself you tend to change if you are not confident. The media exploits women through ads, magazines, a nd â€Å"pornography† and the women of today are allowing it to happen (Wolf 10).There are only a hand full of women who aren’t ashamed to go against the grain and be proud of who they are. In the photo of J-woww, the magazine is criticizing her for moving her leg a certain way causing her cellulite to show. She is wearing a pink bikini that shows off her tattoo and tanned skin. The magazine points out that she can’t cover up every flaw with tattoos and tanning oils implying that she is full of imperfections. In the eyes of many other people she has a nice body, but according to the media she needs work done. As long as she is comfortable with her body their opinion doesn’t matter right?Wrong. Many people look at this in a magazine and agree because society has taught us to judge one other the same way they judge us. In the words of Wolf, these obsessions are â€Å"poisoning our freedom,† women in earlier days worked hard and sacrificed for women t oday to have the power and money they have, but the way women today feel about themselves leaves them â€Å"worse off than our unliberated grandmothers† (Wolf 10). Society has conned women into focusing on beauty and acceptance instead of being empowered and useful in the economy.Women are usually projected as sex symbols that should always look a certain way. It is rare to see a woman in a movie or magazine with a professional outfit on that isn’t showing too much skin. A woman wearing a nice skirt with a blazer and a shirt buttoned all the way up is a great icon to other women because it shows how you don’t have to have your chest out and be exploited to be important. The image portraying a professional woman flexing her arms like a man would shows how women can have power without conforming to society’s expectations.The way her mouth is open gives the impression that she is excited to be in the position she is in, and comfortable with herself as a woma n. The workplace has more women in it now than it did years ago, and more women need to start taking advantage of this new opportunity. Over the years women have been influenced to confine themselves to the ideals of society. Women are constantly judged and criticized forcing them to change themselves when there was no need to. There are not many women who will stand up and go against what the world thinks, embrace the power of being as woman, and take heir rightful place in the economy. If there is going to be a change it has to start with the women not the men, the media, friends, or society as a whole. â€Å"If we are to free ourselves from the dead weight that has once been made out of femaleness, it is not ballots or lobbyists or placards that women will need first; it is a new way to see. (Wolf 19). Works Cited Paglia, Camille. â€Å"The Pitfalls of Plastic Surgery. † Harper’s Bazaar (May 2005). Print Rpt in Convergences. Boston: Bedford/ St. Martin’s, 20 09 Print Wolf, Naomi. The Beauty Myth. New York: Harper Collins, 2002. Print

The concept of a polis

The polis was what they called the small, independent Greek city-states during the Classical period. It was a unique institution in that governance was not ruled by a monarchy as was usual with traditional states of the time, but a group of men who were either elected or chosen from among the nobility and later on, from among all free citizens. Membership was determined by birth although citizenship by naturalization was oftentimes admitted. Slaves, foreigners and women who live within the polis were not involved in government and not allowed to own land. In fact, slave labor was encouraged because they formed the backbone of the agricultural economy. The polis was usually bounded by walls and citadels and within was an agora or marketplace, the center of the city trade, and numerous temples. Most citizens live within but some members resided in the countryside. The modern-day equivalent of the polis would be any city in Western Europe or America. Like the classical polis, modern cities are political states, the citizens register with city hall or pays residential taxes, and there would be foreigners or residents coming from other places who would be subjected to the laws and regulations of the city. Its leaders are also elected or appointed. Unlike the polis, however, affiliation with a modern city is only political and not religious. Also, the hierarchies in modern cities are not ascribed by birth but by one's economic status. Most importantly, women and residents coming from other cities already have political rights and could even join in the government. There are open borders now instead of walled fortification between cities. Slavery has been banished and the basis of the economy has become as complex as the social structure of the city. Finally, although the city government can make its own ordinances and budget, the city itself is not dependent in that it is governed and part of a larger unit, the national government.

Birth Certificate and Post Diploma Course Essays

Birth Certificate and Post Diploma Course Essays Birth Certificate and Post Diploma Course Essay Birth Certificate and Post Diploma Course Essay Shipping, Ministry of Shipping, Gobo. Of India. After successfully completing the TAR Book competency examinations held at MET University, the candidate will be eligible to obtain exemption for PART A of MEMO Class IV competency certificate. Duration: 1 Year (52 weeks) Residential Course Entry Requirements: Age: Not more than 28 years at the time of commencement of the course. Medical Standard: Candidate should be physically fit for sea service under standard norms, with eyeglass up to 6/12 In Don eyes or In netter eye, 6/18 In toner eye Ana Walt no color blindness. >In addition to theoretical knowledge, the students are given internship in various shipyards to cover the practical aspects of Ship production. Duration of the Course 06 Months. Eligibility: First / Second class degree in Engineering in disciplines such as Mechanical, Civil, Marine, Naval Architecture, Production, Industrial, Aeronautical, and Metallurgical Engineering from any recognized University. Mode of selection: Admission Test / Personal Interview Certificate Post Diploma certificate will be issued jointly by DON and MET University after successful completion of the course. Job Opportunity: On completion of the Course, the Candidates are eligible to occupy managerial positions in various Government and private Shipyards, Boatyards, Offshore Companies within India and Abroad where great opportunity exists and this sector is fast growing world over. Boys and Girls are eligible to apply. .Second Mate (FIG) Course Outline Aim: This course covers part of the education and training required under Regulation 11/1 f the Meta Manual and aims to meet the standards of competence specified in Section A-11/1 of the SECT 95.

How to Write a Nursing Case Study Essay

How to Write a Nursing Case Study Essay How to Write a Nursing Case Study Essay Lots of non-nursing students have the mistaken notion that nursing students do not have to write a lot. After all, they spend their time in biology and chemistry labs and do field experiences. Actually, there is a long history of writing for such students: They must learn how to write a nursing entrance essay, because no one can get into nursing school without one. They often struggle with these, do some research and look for tips on writing a nursing school admission essay. If these students are looking of financial aid, the may indeed have to compose an amazing nursing scholarship essay Many courses in medical fields require essays, research papers, lab reports and more. And many of them are really challenging because they are all on scientific topics and often involve some lab research. A typical medical school essay, for example will involve research of existing literature and the setting up of a study based upon that literature. Writing a Nursing Essay Nursing students will find that a basic essay assignment will have the same structure as essays they have written for non-medical courses – introduction, body, and conclusion. The one thing that may differ in the essay writing process may be the formatting. It is common for Harvard formatting to be required in medical programs, so students will want to research Harvard strategies for essay writing. The â€Å"rules† are definitely a bit different. The other caveat in all of this is that medical students’ essays do regularly involve some lab research that the student has conducted. In these cases, the conclusion will be a bit different from that of another type of essay. Often, the conclusion must speak to the significance of the results of a study. Learning how to write a conclusion for a nursing essay can be a bit challenging and will take some practice. Writing That Nursing Case Study Essay It is inevitable. As nursing students move into their upper level coursework, they will be spending far more time in hospitals completing lots of field experience. And there is coursework associated with those practicums. Part of that coursework will involve one or more case study essays. These are different from any other writing assignments you have had in the past. Let’s look at how a case study is structured – while specific department guidelines may vary a bit, the elements will be common. What is a Case Study? A nursing case study is an in-depth study of a patient that is encountered during the student’s daily practice in a practicum. They are important learning experiences because the student can apply classroom/theoretical learning to an actual situation and perhaps make some conclusions and recommendations. It will require lots of planning of methodology, literature reviews, and careful documentation as the case study proceeds. Sections of a Case Study There are three large sections – Information about the Patient; The Nurse’s Assessment of the Patient’s Status; and the Treatment Plan, along with Recommendations. Within each large section there are sub-sections. Section 1 – Patient Status This section includes demographic information, the patient’s medical history, and the current patient’s diagnosis, condition, and treatment. Here you will obviously speak about the patient – and you will commit all of this information to writing. Do not rely on your memory – write everything down. You will also need to explain why the information is important to include in your study. You will need to include the reasons why the patient sought medical care and make note of the first symptoms the patient experienced. Next, you will identify the subsequent diagnosis that was made. Given the diagnosis, what is the process/progression of the disease? You should include its causes, the symptoms, what you have observed. Describe what your role as a nurse will be.    Section 2 – Nursing Assessment You will need to prepare your own assessment of the patient’s condition. And as you produce that assessment, be certain to explain why you have made each assessment. For example, suppose a patient has a diagnosis of cancer. One of the symptom presentations is difficulty in urination. You will need to document that urination issue and suggest potential causes of it. Then you will need to come up with options for treatment based upon the potential causes. And, in this case, how will you determine the cause of the issue? Section 3 – The Current Treatment and Recommendations for Improving It Describe the treatment – medication, therapy, etc. and explain why each treatment is appropriate for the disease. You will also need to discuss how the treatment plan is improving the patient’s quality of life. What are the treatment goals? What are the benchmarks for assessing success and how, specifically, will it be documented? The Implementation and Documentation Once the treatment has been implemented, it will be your job to document each treatment activity – time, dose, etc. – and then track the improvement that does or does not occur. Suppose, for example, that you begin a regimen of a diuretic for your cancer patient. How will you determine success? How long will you implement the treatment to determine success or not? And if it is not successful, what is your next treatment option? The data you gather must be carefully recorded and then reported in this section of your case study. This is the same as any scientific study. You must also analyze the data before you make decisions about the efficacy of the treatment plan and come to conclusions. Toward the end of this section, you will be making recommendations – they may be simply to continue the current treatment plan; you may have conducted some research that shows another or an additional treatment plan is warranted. In this case, you may very well recommend this new treatment plan. Just remember, you must justify any recommendation you make, and usually this comes from medical research literature. Crafting a nursing case study really has two major tasks. First, you select a patient, and begin to collect history. You also set up treatment plans and collect data to determine the efficacy of the plan and then determine your recommendations. Second, you actually have to write up the final piece. And it must be impeccably written. If you have concerns about your writing skills, consider finding an essay writing service nursing department. While there are lots of writing services out there, you want one that has a specific group of researchers and writers with experience in producing medical case studies. You may even find a specific nursing essay writing service UK that exists only for helping medical program students. Such experts will be familiar with the style, tone, formatting, and terminology and can make quick work of your write-up.

Personal Statement Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Personal Statement - Essay Example This becomes one of the major reasons why I want to gain business experience and apply in this university. My passion to gain knowledge about this field and about German language specially has nurtured this eagerness within me to take admission in BA (Hons.) International Business and German language course. This supporting statement describes my eagerness for this course. I have always been a very good student getting positions and certificates. My teachers and professors at all times considered me a student worthy of reward. I have attended numerous training courses and seminars which shows my passion for pursuing further knowledge regarding my field. I feel that I have enough knowledge and passion to show that I have a craze about going ahead in the business industry and contribute to the financial market. I keep myself updated with market requirement. I keep on reading related journals, books and magazines and attend related seminars being held in my vicinity. I feel that I posse ss those special skills needed to fulfill the requirements for this course. I have always come up fresh, innovative and unique ideas. I have learnt basic computer knowledge and softwares so as to equip myself with the latest technology that may help me in excelling in this course.

Academic & personal integrity Readings and Essays Essay

Academic & personal integrity Readings and Essays - Essay Example The scandal has done a significant harm the dean, who for 28 years has dedicated her service to the university. Students loved her, and felt sorry for her. Her popularity was evident, with the author stating that â€Å"On the campus, where Ms. Jones was widely admired, almost revered, for her humour, outspokenness and common sense, students and faculty members alike seemed both saddened and shocked.† Many students and employees of the institution loved her. The development happened at the peak of her career, having published a book promoting â€Å"Less Stress, More Success: A New Approach to Guiding Your Teen through College Admissions and Beyond†, with Dr. Kenneth R. Ginsburg that she had been promoting by then. Not only was her career was damaged, by her act of dishonesty, many people saw her as a cheat, ruining her public image. Most of her friends hoped that the development does not ruin the success of her book. Her dishonesty has done a lot of damage to the people around her as well. The students who loved her for her charms and her humorous nature felt sorry for her, while her colleague workers felt she did not have to lie for her academic credentials. As a public figure, with the promotion campaign for her book, she is likely to be seen quite negatively by the people around her. Moreover, her book advocated for not only avoiding stress to succeed, but the need for integrity, a virtue she herself did not uphold for close to three decades. While the college was at a big loss for the position that she held and her services, the various schools that she lectured were likely to miss her talks. She had contributed immensely to the development of the application form for the students, such that students were not required to fill 10 co-curricular activities. People engaged in dishonesty acts should not be let to go free, as this

Research Project Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 1

Project - Research Paper Example Even though both sexes carry the mutation, the females rarely exhibit the signs of the disease. The symptoms may be visible in early infancy and appear in male children before the age of 6. Laboratory testing can establish the children who carry the active mutation at birth (Dalkilic & Kunkel, 2003). At first, progressive proximal muscle weakness of the pelvis and legs that are associated with a loss in muscle mass. Eventually, this weakness spreads to the neck, arms and other areas. The early signs consist of enlargement of the deltoid and calf muscle, difficulties in standing without help, and low endurance. As the condition progresses, there is wasting of the muscle tissue. By the age of 12, most patients are usually dependent on the wheel chair. Symptoms that occur in the later stage include abnormal development of the bone that leads to deformities of the skeleton. As a result of muscle deteroriation, there is occurrence of the loss of movement, in the long run it leads to paralysis. The average life expectancy for the DMD patients is about 25 years. The diagnoses of the disease include DNA testing, muscle biopsy, and prenatal tests. First, the muscle-specific isoform of the dysrtophin gene is made up of 79 exons. DNA tests and analysis determine the particular type of mutation of the exon (s) that is affected. Secondly, muscle biopsy entails extraction of a small sample of muscle tissue. A dye is then applied to reveal the presence of the dystrophin. Lastly, prenatal tests establish if the unborn child has the most common mutations. The X-linked recessive gene carries the DMD. Males have one X chromosome implying that one copy of the mutated gene will lead to DMD. The mutation is transferred by the mother since fathers cannot pass the X-linked traits to their sons. When the mother is a carrier, one of her X chromosomes has a DMD mutation. In that respect, there is 50 % chance that the

Factors For The Rise Of English Neologisms English Language Essay

Factors For The Rise Of English Neologisms English Language Essay Languages are changing as the world is constantly changing. After the Second World War, English neologisms emerged in a remarkable way. New vocabulary came into existence due to new technologies and new discoveries such as ; computing, internet , cell phones and the like. Peoples daily activities like dancing, looking and many others, renewed their popularity giving birth to new lexicon. In deed, new words are invented rapidly and are developed quickly thanks to mass communication. They appear and fall into disuse when they have served their momentary purpose ( Bernhart 54).Only a few of them will get recorded in glossaries of neologisms of general dictionaries. The matter of neologism becomes a new hot spot of research owing to its practical and prevailing use in reality. The study of neologisms evoked a whole cluster of questions: -What are the reasons beyond the rise of new lexicon? -Why are some new words just a flash in a pan? -Why are other words successful? -What are the qualities that make a word successful? -Are Neologisms markers of changes in societies? Part 01: Literature Review 1.Definition of a Neologism The term neologism originates from Greek: neos means new, logos means word, i. e. a neologism is literally a new word. Neologism is the creation of a new lexical item as a response to changed circumstances in the external world, which achieves some currency within a speech community(qtd. in Chrystal 1992: 264) at a particular time. In linguistics, a neologism is a newly invented word or phrase. It can be an old word or phrase used with a new meaning. The word neologism is a neologism itself, it was coined in 1800. l. 2. Background of English Neologisms The collection of dictionaries that contain neologisms started in 1604.The early Neologisms dictionarieswere: Table Alphabeticall (1604, Robert Cawdrey), English Expositor (1616, John Bullokar), and The English Dictionarie (1623, Henry Cockeram).Those dictionaries had some features of neologisms dictionaries but the true study of neologisms began in the 20 century, some 200 years later. The first neologisms book is Word-Coinage, being an Inquiry Into Recent Neologisms, also a Brief Study of Literary Style, Slang, and Provincialisms by Leon Mead in 1902.It was not a real dictionaries, it contained a set of articles about new words. In 1920, there was a remarkable progress in the research of new words with the book of C.Alphonso Smith entitled New Words Self-defined.it included 420 new words with examples.He wrote some articles entitled Words and Meanings, New. . From 1937 to 1940, Dwight Bolinger ( Famous American Scholar) invented a column ,The Living Language, in the newspaper, Words.Later, it was changed into Among the New Words.In 1944, Professor I. Willis Russell became the editor of this column . World War II was a major reason of the birth of new words .In 1944, Majorie Taylor collected the new words created during the War in a word-list entitled The Language of World War II: Abbreviation, captions, Quotations, Slogans, Titles and Other Terms and Phrases.At the same time, Clarence Barnhart printed his Dictionary of U.S. Army Terms. After the World War II, science and technology development had greatly effected the society. A lot of scientific and technical words were brought into language. A lot of neologism dictionaries about words in those fields were published. Two of them are mostly welcomed: An Explaining and Pronouncing Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Words by W. E. Flood Michael West and Words of Sciences and the History Blind Them by Isaac Asimov. From 1970s on, the study of English neologism drew great attention from western scholars, many of them established special column to introduce new words in English, such as William Safire who was well known for his On Language in New York Times weekly and Anne H. Soukhanow who was the chief-editor of Word Watch. In Safires column, he provided a considerably clear explanation of new words by citing typical examples, exploring their origins and performing their current usage. The digital revolution in 1990s is the radical reshaping and restructuring of social patterns. Because of the wild spread of internet, America is speaking a whole new language, said Shawn Holley in his The New Word Revolution. Lots of neologisms that have a historical significance by reason of the influence they exerted on the language field are brought into existence. According to the statistics, more than 20 neologism dictionaries have been compiled, among which some put emphasis on the academic field and some are distinctive by their popularity. Oxford English Dictionary, Websters Third New International Dictionary and Barhart Dictionary of New English are the ones with the highest academic value. New words are numerous. Sometimes it seems as if a new word has about as much chance of developing into a permanent addition to our vocabulary. Only few of them will remain as serious candidates for the dictionary. Books especially about new words are abundant. However, only a few scholars have ventured to propose factors that make for the success of new words. One is Goran Kjellmer, whose article Potential Words in the journal Word for August 2000 also reviews previous proposals. The other is the executive secretary of American Dialect Society, Allan Metcalf who proposed the FUDGE scale. The two reached different conclusions. Along with books and periodicals, there is the Internet. In particular, it makes my extensive searches for examples of how words are actually used today possible. Here the author has searched thousands of pages indexed by Google.com countless times to find current uses of words under discussion. A jump of several decades has showed us more researches on the neologisms. Language reflects our life, and the research on the neologisms has never been stopped. By collecting new words or phrases occurring in languages, the previous researches have provided precious materials for the further exploration in this field. Therefore, a careful look at the research background of neologisms carries an essential academic significance. In china, the study of neologism began from 1980s. Most of the specific works and papers are mere introduction of theories from abroad lacking of much original study. To keep up with the latest English vocabulary is really difficult, thus a thorough and systematic analysis about English new words is of practical significance both in learning and teaching of English as a foreign language. Part 02: Factors for the Rise of English Neologisms The resaons beyond the rise of new words are numouroes, some are internal causes or linguistic (phonological, morpho-syntactic, lexical or semantic) , others are external which , we will see in this part. Mcmahon M.S (1994: 179-182) discusses causes of semantic change and describes the following: Linguistic causes Historical causes (subdivided into ideas and scientific concepts) Social causes Psychological causes (subdivided into emotive factors and taboo) Foreign influence The need for a new name 2.1. Sociolcultural Changes: 2.1.1. New ideas in Society and Culture. Changes in social outlook and manners of behavior call for new terms such as beatnik, peacenik, and hippie. Even new culinary arrangements demand new labels and in English they have some forth in the form of cheeseburger, chiliburger, mushroomburger, etc. (Anderson, 1973) Brian Foster presents us a striking example of how fast English vocabulary changes. In the year 1914, a young girl named Monica Baldwin entered a convent, remaining secluded there until 1941. When she returned to the outer world, she found herself in a totally different world: the conditions of everyday life altered by technical developments and social changes were beyond recognition. Whats more puzzling to her was the language people speaking. During a railway journey, the term luggage in advance meant nothing to her. Reading the daily newspapers made her feel idiotic in the extreme, because words like jazz, Gin, Hollywood, Cool, noshing and Isolationism were completely incomprehensible to her. Not to mention how bewildered she was at hearing friends say, Its your funeral or believe it or not. (Brian Foster, 1981) 2.1.2. Disguising Language, Misnomers Misnomers are words that replace taboo words or banned words.In order not to deceive the hearer, the taboo words are replaced to disguise their unpleaseant meaning.Examples: E. friendly fire instead of bombardment by own troops. 2.1.3.Prestige, Fashion The superiority of a group or politics leads people to use some linguistic elements (words, morphemes, morphs, sounds) from the prestigious group. Example: English, for instance, borrowed from French during the ME. period because the upper social classes were made up of French people:e.g. garment, flower, rose, face, prince, hour, question, dance, fork, royal, loyal, fine, zero are all Gallicisms. An other vivid example is English which is now the most prestigious language in many parts of the world. 2.1.4.Social, or Demographic, Reasons Here, it means the contact between different social groups. As a result of this contact, new lexical items appear. In the history of the English language, the two prominent instances of exchanges between two social groups were the one with the Vikings in the 8th to 11th centuries and the one with the French in the 11th to 15th centuries.Examples: The inherited ey is replaced by Scandinavian egg, the inherited nimen is replaced by Scandinavian taken except for theform benumb, throwen is supplemented by Scandinavian casten; early French loans are army, carpenter, catch. 2.1.5.Culture-Induced Salience of a Concept (Cultural Salience) The salience or the importance of concepts change with change of culture. Example: In the US, a lot of metaphors in general language have been taken from the field of baseball, e.g. to be off base to be completely wrong, to hit a home run to be highly successful and from the field of entrepreneurship. 2.1.6.Word-Play The category of word play includes humor, irony and puns. Although word-play often goes hand in hand with other factors (such as taboo, prestige or anthropological salience), it can also trigger lexical change on its own. Example: to take French leave to leave secretly (without paying), to cool look ( 2.2 Technological Changes New science leads to new words. Aristotle and Newton were neologists.They used new lexicon and new defintions to explain the theory of dynamics Thus, there is no new knowledge without new terms or concepts.Generally a new invention or discovery holds the name of the inventor. Sometimes some technical new words can be found in linguistics such as hypercorrection, allomorph, etc. The word software for example, that computer term was invented by John W. Tukey, a statistician at Princeton University. As long ago as 1958, he used the word in the American Mathematical Monthly. Today the software comprising the carefully planned interpretive routines, compilers, and other aspects of automotive programming are at least as important to the modern electronic calculator as its hardware of tubes, transistors, wires, tapes and the like. Tukey was already known for inventing another now- famous computer term. 2.3 Economic Changes Economic field has a great impact on language.We are in a competition age.This leads to new brand names that want to find a place in the economy market.The success of the product causes the suceesss of its name.The owner of the product has to spend too much money to make the prdut well-known.This is done via advertisemnts to convice peole tp but it and name it as it was advertised.Its name will be a new word in the society. The example of Coca-Cola Company is a good example.due to the geat success of Coke, people can ask for a coke yet they will be satisfied if they are given pepsi , i.e. the word Coke nowadays refers to a soft drink like a coke. Some technical and medical brands find their way in general vocabulary. Examples: à ´Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ Ã‚ ºÃ¢â€š ¬Ã‚  Aspirin: a name for acetylsalicylic acid, trademarked by the Bayer Company of Germany at the start of the twentieth century. à ´Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ Ã‚ ºÃ¢â€š ¬Ã‚  Elevator and escalator: both originally trademarks of the Otis Elevator Company. à ´Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ Ã‚ ºÃ¢â€š ¬Ã‚  Zipper: a name given to a separable fastener by the B.F. Goodrich Company many years after it was invented. The new name helped the zipper attain popularity in the 1930s. à ´Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ Ã‚ ºÃ¢â€š ¬Ã‚  Loafer: for a moccasin-like shoe. à ´Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ Ã‚ ºÃ¢â€š ¬Ã‚  Cellophane: for a transparent wrap made of cellulose. à ´Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ Ã‚ ºÃ¢â€š ¬Ã‚  Granola: a trademark registered in 1886 by W K. Kellogg, now used for a natural kind of breakfast cereal. à ´Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ Ã‚ ºÃ¢â€š ¬Ã‚  Ping-pong: for table tennis, a trademark registered by Parker Brothers in 1901. à ´Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ Ã‚ ºÃ¢â€š ¬Ã‚  Xerox: for photocopier. à ´Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ Ã‚ ºÃ¢â€š ¬Ã‚  Kleenex: for facial tissue. à ´Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ Ã‚ ºÃ¢â€š ¬Ã‚  Band-Aid: for adhesive bandage. à ´Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ Ã‚ ºÃ¢â€š ¬Ã‚  Tupperware: for storage container. à ´Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ Ã‚ ºÃ¢â€š ¬Ã‚  Scotch tape: for transparent adhesive tape. à ´Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ Ã‚ ºÃ¢â€š ¬Ã‚  Jazzercise: for exercise to jazz music. 2.4. Political Changes. Some important political changes infulence vocabulary and give birth to new words and concepts. For instance, when Mr. Bill Clinton was elected as the president of the US. His name has been associated with many political words. His policy is Clintonian, he is carrying out the Clintionism, his economics policy is Clintonomics, and his supporters were called Clintonites, he ultimately wanted to realize his Clintonization. Another recent political event that took place on Septembet the eleventh has brought a neologism in the American society.Because of the striking coincidence that 911 is the telephone number to call for help in an emergency, that numerical designation of this event has been a success. The events of that day have resulted in a new term: ground zero, for the place of impact, the center of destruction in New York City where the World Trade Towers once stood. That phrase has succeeded because it is not really new; its an old term for the location on the ground directly under a vast atomic explosion, corresponding to air zero, the location in the air above the ground where the bomb goes off. No one knows who first said ground zero in reference to the site where the World Trade Towers were attacked and collapsed, but the term immediately caught on because of its familiarity and emotional power. Part 03: Success of English Neologisms In the previous section, we have seen the reasons of the rise of the new words and how they become part of language.In this part; we will tackle the reasons that make a word successful or the reasons that make a word part of general language dictionary. 3.1 The occurrences The frequency of the new word in a society makes it successful.If the neologisms appears in many various sources such newspapers, magazines and books, it will be included in general dictionaries and becomes a familiar word and no more neologism.This mean the the word becomes popular if it is cited in many sources 3.2 Variety among sources A neologism in its first appearance is common for only a special field .Thus, it is found in technical dictionaries .Consequently , general dictioanries exclude technical terms .But there are some exceptions and some technical words find their place in general dictionaries due to their range in many sources.Example , the phrase intellectual property was limited to some branches .Nowadays, it is widely spead thanks to the new technologies and inventions in each field . 3.3 Cruciality in a given field Sheidlower defines cruciality as the need for a word to exist (35). Lets take the example of the acronym AIDS invented in 1982.This acronym is still the given name to this killing disease.It will hold the same name even if a cure is invented for this disease because of the importance and cruciality of this sickness, its referent is a crucial matter in society (qtd. in Sheidlower 35). The word whirlpooling, though it is the only word used to describe such a behaviour, it is not included in a general dictionary because the phenomenon is rare and unusual , rare and unusual phenomenon (qtd. in Sheidlower 36). 3.4 Durability or Endurance ( Existance) Each new word appears in a specific period of time.But if it has suffiecient evidence such as frequency of occurrences, range among sources, cruciality in a given field, it may be included in a general dictionary. New Deal is a good example here.So some neologisms refer to their time period, culture, policies and the like. Conclusion If a word wants to stay alive, it has to be admitted widely in public speech and used by mass media, and/or personalities, such as politicians, authors etc. (Barnhart 56). Depending on the editor and on what kind of dictionary a coinage should enter, one factor might be more of a value than another. Of the many thousands new words created each year, about 200 new words fulfill the above-mentioned conditions and make their way into a standard dictionary. Authors, TV, radio and news reporters use these new terms on a large scale, and thus they become vogue words for a certain period of time or even forever (Barnhart 56). But then the struggle of a new word is not over yet. If it is not used anymore or lost its importance, it will be deleted in the end (Sheidlower 38). Practical considerations play their part in the march of a word into a dictionary. Chief among these is the scope of the dictionary and its physical limitations. Because general lexicography is a commercial art form, dictionaries reflect the judgment of their makers and the needs of their publishers. Consequently, no dictionary is complete. There is a considerable difference between general dictionaries and Among the New Words. The dictionaries aim is to supplement the existing English vocabulary, whereas Among the New Words aims to chronicle the development of the English language (Barnhart 59). For this reason, these criteria stated above (2.4.1 to 2.4.4) hardly apply to Among the New Words.